ଗାଲିଅମ

ଇଂରାଜୀ ଲିଙ୍କ

https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallium

Gallium,  ₃₁Ga

ସାଧାରଣ ଗୁଣ
ନାମ, ପ୍ରତୀକ	gallium, Ga
Appearance	silver-white
ଉଚ୍ଚାରଣ	/ˈɡæliəm/ GAL-ee-əm
Gallium in the periodic table
Al ↑ Ga ↓ In zinc ← gallium → germanium
ପରମାଣୁ କ୍ରମାଙ୍କ (Z)	31
ଶ୍ରେଣୀ, ବ୍ଳକ	group 13, p-block
ପର୍ଯ୍ୟାୟ	period 4
ମୌଳିକ ପ୍ରକାର	post-transition metal
ମାନକ ପରମାଣବିକ ଓଜନ (±) (Ar)	69.723(1)
ଇଲେକ୍‌ଟ୍ରୋନ୍ ବିନ୍ୟାସ	[Ar] 4s2 3d10 4p1
per shell	2, 8, 18, 3
ଭୌତିକ ଗୁଣ
ଅବସ୍ଥା	solid
ଗଳନାଙ୍କ	302.9146 K ​(29.7646 °C, ​85.5763 °F)
ସ୍ଫୁଟନାଙ୍କ	2477 K ​(2204 °C, ​3999 °F)
Density near r.t.	5.91 g/cm3
when liquid, at m.p.	6.095 g/cm3
Heat of fusion	5.59 kJ/mol
Heat of	254 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	25.86 J/(mol·K)
pressure P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k at T (K) 1310 1448 1620 1838 2125 2518
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	3, 2, 1 ​amphoteric oxide
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 1.81
energies	(more)
Atomic radius	empirical: 135 pm
Covalent radius	122±3 pm
Van der Waals radius	187 pm
Miscellanea
Crystal structure	​orthorhombic
Speed of sound thin rod	2740 m/s (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansion	18 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C)
Thermal conductivity	40.6 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity	270 n Ω·m (at 20 °C)
Magnetic ordering	diamagnetic
Young's modulus	9.8 GPa
Poisson ratio	0.47
Mohs hardness	1.5
Brinell hardness	60 MPa
CAS Number	7440-55-3
ଇତିହାସ
Prediction	Dmitri Mendeleev (1871)
ଆବିଷ୍କାର	Lecoq de Boisbaudran (1875)
First isolation	Lecoq de Boisbaudran (1875)
Most stable isotopes of gallium
iso NA half-life DM DE (MeV) DP 69Ga 60.11% 69Ga is stable with 38 neutrons 71Ga 39.89% 71Ga is stable with 40 neutrons

ଗାଲିଅମ ହେଉଛି ଏକ ରାସାୟନିକ ମୌଳିକ ଯାହାର ପ୍ରତୀକ Ga ଓ ପରମାଣୁ କ୍ରମାଙ୍କ ୩୧ ।

ବାହାର ଲିଙ୍କ

• Gallium at The Periodic Table of Videos (University of Nottingham)
• Material safety data sheet at acialloys.com
• High-resolution photographs of molten gallium, gallium crystals and gallium ingots under Creative Commons licence
• www.lenntech.com – textbook information regarding gallium
• Environmental effects of gallium
• Price development of gallium 1959–1998
• Technology produces hydrogen by adding water to an alloy of aluminum and gallium
• Thermal conductivity