ଗୁଜରାଟୀ ଭାଷା

ଗୁଜରାଟୀ
ଗୁଜରାଟୀ
ગુજરાતી
Gujarātī
	ଗୁଜରାଟୀ ଲିପିରେ ଲିଖିତ "ଗୁଜରାଟୀ"
ଉଚ୍ଚାରଣ	[ɡudʒəˈɾɑːti]
Native to	ଭାରତ
ଅଞ୍ଚଳ	ଗୁଜରାଟ
ଜାତିସତ୍ତା	ଗୁଜରାଟୀ
	Indo-European ଇଣ୍ଡୋ-ଇରାନୀୟ ଇଣ୍ଡୋ-ଆର୍ଯ୍ୟ ପଶ୍ଚିମ ଗୁଜରାଟୀ ଭାଷାସମୂହ ଗୁଜରାଟୀ; ; ; ; ;
ପୂରାରୂପ	ପୁରୁଣା ଗୁଜରାଟୀ ମଧ୍ୟ ଗୁଜରାଟୀ ;
	ଗୁଜରାଟୀ ଲିପି (ବ୍ରାହ୍ମୀ); ଗୁଜରାଟୀ ବ୍ରେଲ; ଆରବୀ ଲିପି; ଦେବନାଗରୀ (ଐତିହାସିକ)
ଆଧିକାରିକ ସ୍ଥିତି
କେଉଁଠି ରାଜଭାଷା:	ଗୁଜରାଟ (ଭାରତ); ଡାମନ ଓ ଡିଉ; ଦାଦ୍ରା ଓ ନଗର ହବେଳୀ (ଭାରତ)
ଭାଷା କୋଡ୍
ISO ୬୩୯-୧	gu
ISO ୬୩୯-୨	guj
ISO ୬୩୯-୩	guj
ଗ୍ଲୋଟୋଲୋଗ	guja1252
Linguasphere	59-AAF-h
	ଭାରତରେ ଗୁଜରାଟୀଭାଷୀ ଲୋକଙ୍କ ବିସ୍ତୃତି

ଇଂରାଜୀ ଲିଙ୍କ

https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gujarati_language

ଗୁଜରାଟୀ (/ˌɡʊdʒəˈrɑːti/;^[୩] ଗୁଜରାଟୀ: ગુજરાતી, pronounced [ɡudʒˈɾɑːtiː], ଆଗରୁ English: Guzerati^[୪]) ଏକ ଇଣ୍ଡୋ-ଆର୍ଯ୍ୟ ଭାଷା । ଏହା ଭାରତୀୟ ରାଜ୍ୟ ଗୁଜରାଟର ଅଧିବାସୀ ଏବଂ ପ୍ରଧାନତଃ ଗୁଜରାଟୀ ଭାଷାଭାଷୀଙ୍କଦ୍ୱାରା କଥିତ । ଗୁଜରାଟୀ ବୃହତ୍ତର ଇଣ୍ଡୋ-ଇଉରୋପୀୟ ଭାଷା ପରିଗୋଷ୍ଠୀର ଅଂଶ । ଗୁଜରାଟୀ ପୁରୁଣା ଗୁଜରାଟୀରୁ ସୃଷ୍ଟିହୋଇଛି (ପ୍ରାୟ ୧୧୦୦-୧୫୦୦ ଖ୍ରୀ) । ଭାରତରେ ଏହା ଗୁଜରାଟର ସରକାରୀ ଭାଷା ଓ ଡାମନ ଓ ଡିଉ ଓ ଦାଦ୍ରା ଓ ନଗର ହବେଳୀର କେନ୍ଦ୍ରଶାସିତ ଅଞ୍ଚଳର ସରକାରୀ ଭାଷା । ୨୦୧୧ ଜନଗଣନା ଅନୁସାରେ ଗୁଜରାଟୀ ଭାରତରେ ମୋଟ ଜନସଂଖ୍ୟାର ୬ଷ୍ଠ ସର୍ବାଧିକ କଥିତ ଭାଷା ଓ ଏହା ୫୫.୫ ମିଲିଅନ (୫.୫ କୋଟି) ଭାଷାଭାଷୀଙ୍କଦ୍ୱାରା କଥିତ ଯାହା ଭାରତର ମୋଟ ଜନସଂଖ୍ୟାର ପ୍ରାୟ ୪.୫% ।^[୫] ୨୦୦୭ ମସିହାର ଗଣନା ଅନୁସାରେ ଏହା ସ୍ଥାନୀୟ ଭାଷାଭାଷୀଙ୍କ ସଂଖ୍ୟା ଭିତ୍ତିରେ ବିଶ୍ୱର ୨୬ ତମ ସର୍ବାଧିକ କଥିତ ଭାଷା ।

ଗୁଜରାଟୀ ଭାଷାଟି ୭୦୦ ବର୍ଷରୁ ଅଧିକ ପୁରୁଣା ଏବଂ ବିଶ୍ୱବ୍ୟାପୀ ୫୫ ମିଲିଅନରୁ ଅଧିକ ଲୋକଙ୍କଦ୍ୱାରା କଥିତ ।^[୬] ଗୁଜରାଟ ବାହାରେ ଗୁଜରାଟୀ ଲୋକ ବିଶେଷ କରି ମୁମ୍ବାଇ ଏବଂ ପାକିସ୍ତାନରେ (ପ୍ରଧାନତଃ କରାଚୀରେ)^[୭] ଗୁଜରାଟୀ କଥିତ । ଗୁଜରାଟୀ ଭାଷାଭାଷୀମାନଙ୍କଦ୍ୱାରା ଦକ୍ଷିଣ ଏସିଆ ବାହାରେ ଅନେକ ଦେଶରେ ଗୁଜରାଟୀ ବ୍ୟାପକଭାବେ କଥିତ । ଉତ୍ତର ଆମେରିକାର କାନାଡ଼ା ଏବଂ ଯୁକ୍ତରାଷ୍ଟ୍ର ଆମେରିକାରେ ଏହା କ୍ରମବର୍ଦ୍ଧମାନ ଏବଂ ସର୍ବାଧିକ ବହୁଳ ବ୍ୟବହୃତ ଭାରତୀୟ ଭାଷାଗୁଡ଼ିକ ମଧ୍ୟରୁ ଏକ ।^[୮]^[୯] ଇଉରୋପରେ ବ୍ରିଟିଶ ଦକ୍ଷିଣ ଏସୀୟ ଭାଷା ସମ୍ପ୍ରଦାୟ ମଧ୍ୟରୁ ଗୁଜରାଟୀମାନଙ୍କ ସଂଖ୍ୟା ଦ୍ୱିତୀୟ ଏବଂ ଗୁଜରାଟ ଯୁକ୍ତରାଜ୍ୟର ରାଜଧାନୀ ଲଣ୍ଡନର ଚତୁର୍ଥ ସର୍ବାଧିକ କଥିତ ଭାଷା ।^[୧୦] ଗୁଜରାଟୀ ଦକ୍ଷିଣ-ପୂର୍ବ ଆଫ୍ରିକୀୟ ଦେଶଗୁଡ଼ିକରେ ବିଶେଷ କରି କେନିଆ, ଉଗାଣ୍ଡା, ତାଞ୍ଜାନିଆ, ଜାମ୍ବିଆ ଏବଂ ଦକ୍ଷିଣ ଆଫ୍ରିକାରେ କଥିତ ।^[୧୧]^[୧୨]^[୧୩] ଏହାଛଡ଼ା ଏହା ଚୀନ (ବିଶେଷ କରେ ହଂକଂ), ଇଣ୍ଡୋନେସିଆ, ସିଙ୍ଗାପୁର, ଅଷ୍ଟ୍ରେଲିଆ ଏବଂ ବାହରିନ ଏବଂ ମଧ୍ୟ ପ୍ରାଚ୍ୟର ଦେଶଗୁଡ଼ିକରେ ମଧ୍ୟ କମ ପରିମାଣରେ କଥିତ ।^[୧୧]^[୧୪]^[୧୫]

ଗୁଜରାଟୀ ମହାତ୍ମା ଗାନ୍ଧୀ ଓ ମହମ୍ମଦ ଅଲ୍ଲୀ ଜିନ୍ନାଙ୍କ ମାତୃଭାଷା ଥିଲା ।^[୧୬]^[୧୭]

ଇତିହାସ

ପୁରୁଣା ଗୁଜରାଟୀ

ଖ୍ରୀ.ପୂ ୧୧୦୦-୧୫୦୦

ମଧ୍ୟକାଳ ଗୁଜରାଟୀ

ଖ୍ରୀ.ପୂ ୧୫୦୦-୧୮୦୦

ଆଧୁନିକ ଗୁଜରାଟୀ

ଖ୍ରୀ.ପୂ ୧୮୦୦- ଏ ପର୍ଯ୍ୟନ୍ତ

ଆଧାର

↑ Ernst Kausen, 2006. Die Klassifikation der indogermanischen Sprachen (Microsoft Word, 133 KB)
↑ Dwyer 1995, p. 5
↑ Laurie Bauer, 2007, The Linguistics Student's Handbook, Edinburgh.
↑ Kanga, Kavasji Edalji (1900). "A Complete Dictionary of the Avesta Language, in Guzerati and English: Comprising ... A Comparison ... Of Avesta Words with Those of Pahlavi, Sanskrit, Persian and Latin".
↑ "Scheduled Languages in descending order of speaker's strength - 2011" (PDF). Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India.
↑ "Gujarati: The language spoken by more than 55 million people". The Straits Times. 2017-01-19. Gujarati is at least 700 years old and is spoken by more than 55 million people worldwide.
↑ Parekh, Rauf (January 20, 2017). "Situationer: The future of Gujarati language in Pakistan". Dawn.
↑ Chitnis, Deepak (August 14, 2013). "Hindi and Gujarati fastest growing Indian languages in the US". The American Bazaar.
↑ Bhattacharyya, Anirudh (August 3, 2017). "Punjabi among top three immigrant languages in Canada". Hindustan Times.
↑ Edwards, Viv. "Gujarati today". BBC. Gujaratis form the second largest of the British South Asian speech communities, with important settlements in Leicester and Coventry in the Midlands, in the northern textile towns and in Greater London.
↑ ^୧୧.୦ ^୧୧.୧ ଛାଞ୍ଚ:E20
↑ Barlas, Robert; Yong, Jui Lin (2010). Uganda. Marshall Cavendish. p. 96. ISBN 9780761448594. Of the non-Ugandan languages, Hindi and Gujarati are commonly spoken among members of the Asian Hindu community that migrated to Uganda during the early part of the 20th century.
↑ "Indian South Africans". South African History Online. English is spoken as a first language by most Indian South Africans, although a minority of the Indian South African population, especially the elders, still speak some Indian languages. These languages include Hindi, Tamil, Telugu, Urdu, Punjabi, and Gujarati.
↑ "Gujarati Community in Hong Kong organizes grand reception in the honour of Gujarat CM". Official Portal of Gujarat Government. Addressing the community in Gujarati^{[permanent dead link]}
↑ "Indians make up over 1 per cent of Australia's population". The Indian Express. 27 June 2014.
↑ Benson, Eugene (30 November 2004). Encyclopedia of Post-Colonial Literatures in English. Routledge. p. 563. ISBN 9781134468485. Gandhi's seminal work, 'Hind Swaraj' ('Indian Home Role'), appeared in the columns of Indian Opinion in 1909. Originally written in his mother tongue, Gujarati, it was translated into English by Gandhi and published as Hind Swaraj or Indian Home Role in 1910.
↑ "Jinnah didn't know Urdu, was fluent in Gujarati". The Times of India. 30 August 2009. Retrieved 18 February 2018.

ବାହାର ତଥ୍ୟ

[1] Ernst Kausen, 2006. Die Klassifikation der indogermanischen Sprachen (Microsoft Word, 133 KB)

[2] Dwyer 1995, p. 5

[3] Laurie Bauer, 2007, The Linguistics Student's Handbook, Edinburgh.

[4] Kanga, Kavasji Edalji (1900). "A Complete Dictionary of the Avesta Language, in Guzerati and English: Comprising ... A Comparison ... Of Avesta Words with Those of Pahlavi, Sanskrit, Persian and Latin".

[5] "Scheduled Languages in descending order of speaker's strength - 2011" (PDF). Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India.

[6] "Gujarati: The language spoken by more than 55 million people". The Straits Times. 2017-01-19. Gujarati is at least 700 years old and is spoken by more than 55 million people worldwide.

[7] Parekh, Rauf (January 20, 2017). "Situationer: The future of Gujarati language in Pakistan". Dawn.

[8] Chitnis, Deepak (August 14, 2013). "Hindi and Gujarati fastest growing Indian languages in the US". The American Bazaar.

[9] Bhattacharyya, Anirudh (August 3, 2017). "Punjabi among top three immigrant languages in Canada". Hindustan Times.

[10] Edwards, Viv. "Gujarati today". BBC. Gujaratis form the second largest of the British South Asian speech communities, with important settlements in Leicester and Coventry in the Midlands, in the northern textile towns and in Greater London.

[e20-11] ୧୧.୦ ^୧୧.୧ ଛାଞ୍ଚ:E20

[12] Barlas, Robert; Yong, Jui Lin (2010). Uganda. Marshall Cavendish. p. 96. ISBN 9780761448594. Of the non-Ugandan languages, Hindi and Gujarati are commonly spoken among members of the Asian Hindu community that migrated to Uganda during the early part of the 20th century.

[13] "Indian South Africans". South African History Online. English is spoken as a first language by most Indian South Africans, although a minority of the Indian South African population, especially the elders, still speak some Indian languages. These languages include Hindi, Tamil, Telugu, Urdu, Punjabi, and Gujarati.

[14] "Gujarati Community in Hong Kong organizes grand reception in the honour of Gujarat CM". Official Portal of Gujarat Government. Addressing the community in Gujarati^{[permanent dead link]}

[15] "Indians make up over 1 per cent of Australia's population". The Indian Express. 27 June 2014.

[16] Benson, Eugene (30 November 2004). Encyclopedia of Post-Colonial Literatures in English. Routledge. p. 563. ISBN 9781134468485. Gandhi's seminal work, 'Hind Swaraj' ('Indian Home Role'), appeared in the columns of Indian Opinion in 1909. Originally written in his mother tongue, Gujarati, it was translated into English by Gandhi and published as Hind Swaraj or Indian Home Role in 1910.

[17] "Jinnah didn't know Urdu, was fluent in Gujarati". The Times of India. 30 August 2009. Retrieved 18 February 2018.

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