ଛାଞ୍ଚ:Infobox silicon

Silicon, ₁₄Si
	Spectral lines of Silicon
ସାଧାରଣ ଗୁଣ
ନାମ, ପ୍ରତୀକ	silicon, Si
Appearance	crystalline, reflective with bluish-tinged faces
ଉଚ୍ଚାରଣ	/ˈsɪl[invalid input: 'ɨ']kən/ SIL-ə-kən or /ˈsɪl[invalid input: 'ɨ']kɒn/ SIL-ə-kon
Silicon in the periodic table
	aluminium ← silicon → phosphorus
ପରମାଣୁ କ୍ରମାଙ୍କ (Z)	14
ଶ୍ରେଣୀ, ବ୍ଳକ	group 14 (carbon group), p-block
ପର୍ଯ୍ୟାୟ	period 3
ମୌଳିକ ପ୍ରକାର	metalloid
ମାନକ ପରମାଣବିକ ଓଜନ (±) (Ar)	28.085(1)
ଇଲେକ୍‌ଟ୍ରୋନ୍ ବିନ୍ୟାସ	[Ne] 3s2 3p2
per shell	2, 8, 4
ଭୌତିକ ଗୁଣ
ଅବସ୍ଥା	solid
ଗଳନାଙ୍କ	1687 K (1414 °C, 2577 °F)
ସ୍ଫୁଟନାଙ୍କ	3538 K (3265 °C, 5909 °F)
Density near r.t.	2.3290 g/cm3
when liquid, at m.p.	2.57 g/cm3
Heat of fusion	50.21 kJ/mol
Heat of	359 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	19.789 J/(mol·K)
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	4, 3, 2, 1 -1, -2, -3, -4 amphoteric oxide
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 1.90
energies	; (more)
Atomic radius	empirical: 111 pm
Covalent radius	111 pm
Van der Waals radius	210 pm
Miscellanea
Crystal structure	face-centered diamond-cubic
Speed of sound thin rod	8433 m/s (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansion	2.6 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C)
Thermal conductivity	149 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity	103 Ω·m (at 20 °C)
Magnetic ordering	diamagnetic
Young's modulus	130-188 GPa
Shear modulus	51-80 GPa
Bulk modulus	97.6 GPa
Poisson ratio	0.064 - 0.28
Mohs hardness	7
CAS Number	7440-21-3
ଇତିହାସ
Prediction	Antoine Lavoisier (1787)
ଆବିଷ୍କାର	Jöns Jacob Berzelius (1823)
First isolation	Jöns Jacob Berzelius (1823)
Named by	Thomas Thomson (1817)
Most stable isotopes of silicon
	view; talk; edit; \| references

References

These references will appear in the article, but this list appears only on this page.

↑ Ram, R. S.; et al. (1998). "Fourier Transform Emission Spectroscopy of the A2D–X2P Transition of SiH and SiD" (PDF). J. Mol. Spectr. 190: 341–352. PMID 9668026.
↑ Physical Properties of Silicon. New Semiconductor Materials. Characteristics and Properties. Ioffe Institute
↑ Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds, in Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.
↑ ^୪.୦ ^୪.୧ ^୪.୨ ^୪.୩ [୧] Hopcroft, |display-authors=etal, "What is the Young's Modulus of Silicon?" IEEE Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems, 2010
↑ Weeks, Mary Elvira (1932). "The discovery of the elements: XII. Other elements isolated with the aid of potassium and sodium: beryllium, boron, silicon, and aluminum". Journal of Chemical Education. 9 (8): 1386–1412.
↑ Voronkov, M. G. (2007). "Silicon era". Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry. 80 (12): 2190. doi:10.1134/S1070427207120397.

[1] Ram, R. S.; et al. (1998). "Fourier Transform Emission Spectroscopy of the A2D–X2P Transition of SiH and SiD" (PDF). J. Mol. Spectr. 190: 341–352. PMID 9668026.

[ioffe-2] Physical Properties of Silicon. New Semiconductor Materials. Characteristics and Properties. Ioffe Institute

[3] Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds, in Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.

[hopcroft-4] ୪.୦ ^୪.୧ ^୪.୨ ^୪.୩ [୧] Hopcroft, |display-authors=etal, "What is the Young's Modulus of Silicon?" IEEE Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems, 2010

[5] Weeks, Mary Elvira (1932). "The discovery of the elements: XII. Other elements isolated with the aid of potassium and sodium: beryllium, boron, silicon, and aluminum". Journal of Chemical Education. 9 (8): 1386–1412.

[6] Voronkov, M. G. (2007). "Silicon era". Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry. 80 (12): 2190. doi:10.1134/S1070427207120397.

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