ଛାଞ୍ଚ:Infobox carbon

Carbon, ₆C
	Spectral lines of Carbon
ସାଧାରଣ ଗୁଣ
ନାମ, ପ୍ରତୀକ	carbon, C
Appearance	clear (diamond) & black (graphite)
ଉଚ୍ଚାରଣ	/ˈkɑːrbən/
Carbon in the periodic table
	boron ← carbon → nitrogen
ପରମାଣୁ କ୍ରମାଙ୍କ (Z)	6
ଶ୍ରେଣୀ, ବ୍ଳକ	group 14 (carbon group), p-block
ପର୍ଯ୍ୟାୟ	period 2
ମୌଳିକ ପ୍ରକାର	nonmetal
ମାନକ ପରମାଣବିକ ଓଜନ (±) (Ar)	12.011(1)
ଇଲେକ୍‌ଟ୍ରୋନ୍ ବିନ୍ୟାସ	[He] 2s2 2p2
per shell	2, 4
ଭୌତିକ ଗୁଣ
ଅବସ୍ଥା	solid
Sublimation point	3915 K (3642 °C, 6588 °F)
Density near r.t.	amorphous: 1.8–2.1 g/cm3 ; diamond: 3.515 g/cm3 ; graphite: 2.267 g/cm3
Triple point	4600 K, 10800 kPa
Heat of fusion	117 (graphite) kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	6.155 (diamond); 8.517 (graphite) J/(mol·K)
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	4, 3, 2, 1, 0, −1, −2, −3, −4
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 2.55
energies	; (more)
Covalent radius	77(sp³), 73(sp²), 69(sp) pm
Van der Waals radius	170 pm
Miscellanea
Crystal structure	face-centered diamond-cubic ; (diamond, clear)
Speed of sound thin rod	18350 (diamond) m/s (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansion	0.8 (diamond) µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C)
Thermal conductivity	900-2300 (diamond); 119-165 (graphite) W/(m·K)
Magnetic ordering	diamagnetic
Young's modulus	1050 (diamond) GPa
Shear modulus	478 (diamond) GPa
Bulk modulus	442 (diamond) GPa
Poisson ratio	0.1 (diamond)
Mohs hardness	10 (diamond); 1-2 (graphite)
CAS Number	7440-44-0
ଇତିହାସ
ଆବିଷ୍କାର	Egyptians and Sumerians (3750 BC)
Recognized as an element by	Antoine Lavoisier (1789)
Most stable isotopes of carbon
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References

These references will appear in the article, but this list appears only on this page.

↑ Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.
↑ Haaland, D (1976). "Graphite-liquid-vapor triple point pressure and the density of liquid carbon". Carbon. 14 (6): 357. doi:10.1016/0008-6223(76)90010-5.
↑ Savvatimskiy, A (2005). "Measurements of the melting point of graphite and the properties of liquid carbon (a review for 1963–2003)". Carbon. 43 (6): 1115. doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2004.12.027.
↑ "Fourier Transform Spectroscopy of the System of CP" (PDF). Retrieved 2007-12-06.
↑ "Fourier Transform Spectroscopy of the Electronic Transition of the Jet-Cooled CCI Free Radical" (PDF). Retrieved 2007-12-06.
↑ "Carbon: Binary compounds". Retrieved 2007-12-06.
↑ ^୭.୦ ^୭.୧ ^୭.୨ ^୭.୩ ^୭.୪ Properties of diamond, Ioffe Institute Database
↑ Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds, in Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 81st edition, CRC press.
↑ "History of Carbon and Carbon Materials - Center for Applied Energy Research - University of Kentucky". Caer.uky.edu. Retrieved 2008-09-12.
↑ Senese, Fred. "Who discovered carbon?". Frostburg State University. Retrieved 2007-11-24.

[CRC-1] Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.

[triple2-2] Haaland, D (1976). "Graphite-liquid-vapor triple point pressure and the density of liquid carbon". Carbon. 14 (6): 357. doi:10.1016/0008-6223(76)90010-5.

[triple3-3] Savvatimskiy, A (2005). "Measurements of the melting point of graphite and the properties of liquid carbon (a review for 1963–2003)". Carbon. 43 (6): 1115. doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2004.12.027.

[4] "Fourier Transform Spectroscopy of the System of CP" (PDF). Retrieved 2007-12-06.

[5] "Fourier Transform Spectroscopy of the Electronic Transition of the Jet-Cooled CCI Free Radical" (PDF). Retrieved 2007-12-06.

[6] "Carbon: Binary compounds". Retrieved 2007-12-06.

[ioffe-7] ୭.୦ ^୭.୧ ^୭.୨ ^୭.୩ ^୭.୪ Properties of diamond, Ioffe Institute Database

[8] Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds, in Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 81st edition, CRC press.

[9] "History of Carbon and Carbon Materials - Center for Applied Energy Research - University of Kentucky". Caer.uky.edu. Retrieved 2008-09-12.

[10] Senese, Fred. "Who discovered carbon?". Frostburg State University. Retrieved 2007-11-24.

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