 |
|
| ନାମ, ପ୍ରତୀକ | thulium, Tm |
|---|
| Appearance | silvery gray |
|---|
| ଉଚ୍ଚାରଣ | THEW-lee-əm |
|---|
|
|
|
| ପରମାଣୁ କ୍ରମାଙ୍କ (Z) | 69 |
|---|
| ଶ୍ରେଣୀ, ବ୍ଳକ | group n/a, f-block |
|---|
| ପର୍ଯ୍ୟାୟ | period 6 |
|---|
| ମୌଳିକ ପ୍ରକାର | lanthanide |
|---|
| ମାନକ ପରମାଣବିକ ଓଜନ (Ar) | 168.93421 |
|---|
| ଇଲେକ୍ଟ୍ରୋନ୍ ବିନ୍ୟାସ | [Xe] 4f13 6s2 |
|---|
per shell | 2, 8, 18, 31, 8, 2 |
|---|
|
| ଅବସ୍ଥା | solid |
|---|
| ଗଳନାଙ୍କ | 1818 K (1545 °C, 2813 °F) |
|---|
| ସ୍ଫୁଟନାଙ୍କ | 2223 K (1950 °C, 3542 °F) |
|---|
| Density near r.t. | 9.32 g/cm3 |
|---|
| when liquid, at m.p. | 8.56 g/cm3 |
|---|
| Heat of fusion | 16.84 kJ/mol |
|---|
| Heat of | 247 kJ/mol |
|---|
| Molar heat capacity | 27.03 J/(mol·K) |
|---|
pressure
| P (Pa) |
1 |
10 |
100 |
1 k |
10 k |
100 k |
| at T (K) |
1117 |
1235 |
1381 |
1570 |
(1821) |
(2217) |
|
|
| Oxidation states | 2, 3, 4 (basic oxide) |
|---|
| Electronegativity | Pauling scale: 1.25 |
|---|
| Atomic radius | empirical: 176 pm |
|---|
| Covalent radius | 190±10 pm |
|---|
|
| Crystal structure | hexagonal close-packed (hcp) |
|---|
| Thermal expansion | (r.t.) (poly)
13.3 µm/(m·K) |
|---|
| Thermal conductivity | 16.9 W/(m·K) |
|---|
| Electrical resistivity | (r.t.) (poly) 676 n Ω·m |
|---|
| Magnetic ordering | paramagnetic at 300 K |
|---|
| Young's modulus | 74.0 GPa |
|---|
| Shear modulus | 30.5 GPa |
|---|
| Bulk modulus | 44.5 GPa |
|---|
| Poisson ratio | 0.213 |
|---|
| Vickers hardness | 520 MPa |
|---|
| Brinell hardness | 471 MPa |
|---|
| CAS Number | 7440-30-4 |
|---|
|
| ଆବିଷ୍କାର | Per Teodor Cleve (1879) |
|---|
| First isolation | Per Teodor Cleve (1879) |
|---|
|
|
|
| | references |
