ଛାଞ୍ଚ:Infobox Thorium

Thorium,  ₉₀Th

ସାଧାରଣ ଗୁଣ
ନାମ, ପ୍ରତୀକ	thorium, Th
Appearance	silvery, often with black tarnish
ଉଚ୍ଚାରଣ	/ˈθɔːriəm/ THOHR-ee-əm
Thorium in the periodic table
Ce ↑ Th ↓ (Uqb) actinium ← thorium → protactinium
ପରମାଣୁ କ୍ରମାଙ୍କ (Z)	90
ଶ୍ରେଣୀ, ବ୍ଳକ	group n/a, f-block
ପର୍ଯ୍ୟାୟ	period 7
ମୌଳିକ ପ୍ରକାର	actinide
ମାନକ ପରମାଣବିକ ଓଜନ (Ar)	232.03806
ଇଲେକ୍‌ଟ୍ରୋନ୍ ବିନ୍ୟାସ	[Rn] 6d2 7s2
per shell	2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 10, 2
ଭୌତିକ ଗୁଣ
ଅବସ୍ଥା	solid
ଗଳନାଙ୍କ	2115 K ​(1842 °C, ​3348 °F)
ସ୍ଫୁଟନାଙ୍କ	5061 K ​(4788 °C, ​8650 °F)
Density near r.t.	11.7 g/cm3
Heat of fusion	13.81 kJ/mol
Heat of	514 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	26.230 J/(mol·K)
pressure P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k at T (K) 2633 2907 3248 3683 4259 5055
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	4, 3, 2, 1 (weakly basic oxide)
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 1.3
Atomic radius	empirical: 179 pm
Covalent radius	206±6 pm
Miscellanea
Crystal structure	​face-centered cubic (fcc)
Speed of sound thin rod	2490 m/s (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansion	11.0 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C)
Thermal conductivity	54.0 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity	147 n Ω·m (at 0 °C)
Magnetic ordering	paramagnetic
Young's modulus	79 GPa
Shear modulus	31 GPa
Bulk modulus	54 GPa
Poisson ratio	0.27
Mohs hardness	3.0
Vickers hardness	350 MPa
Brinell hardness	400 MPa
CAS Number	7440-29-1
ଇତିହାସ
ଆବିଷ୍କାର	Jöns Jakob Berzelius (1829)
Most stable isotopes of thorium
iso NA half-life DM DE (MeV) DP 228Th trace 1.9116 y α 5.520 224Ra 229Th trace 7340 y α 5.168 225Ra 230Th trace 75380 y α 4.770 226Ra 231Th trace 25.5 h β− 0.39 231Pa 232Th 100% 1.405×1010 y α 4.083 228Ra 234Th trace 24.1 d β− 0.27 234Pa

References

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