ଛାଞ୍ଚ:Infobox Ruthenium

Ruthenium,  ₄₄Ru

ସାଧାରଣ ଗୁଣ
ନାମ, ପ୍ରତୀକ	ruthenium, Ru
Appearance	silvery white metallic
ଉଚ୍ଚାରଣ	/ruːˈθiːniəm/ roo-THEE-nee-əm
Ruthenium in the periodic table
Fe ↑ Ru ↓ Os technetium ← ruthenium → rhodium
ପରମାଣୁ କ୍ରମାଙ୍କ (Z)	44
ଶ୍ରେଣୀ, ବ୍ଳକ	group 8, d-block
ପର୍ଯ୍ୟାୟ	period 5
ମୌଳିକ ପ୍ରକାର	transition metal
ମାନକ ପରମାଣବିକ ଓଜନ (Ar)	101.07
ଇଲେକ୍‌ଟ୍ରୋନ୍ ବିନ୍ୟାସ	[Kr] 4d7 5s1
per shell	2, 8, 18, 15, 1
ଭୌତିକ ଗୁଣ
ଗଳନାଙ୍କ	2607 K ​(2334 °C, ​4233 °F)
ସ୍ଫୁଟନାଙ୍କ	4423 K ​(4150 °C, ​7502 °F)
Density near r.t.	12.45 g/cm3
when liquid, at m.p.	10.65 g/cm3
Heat of fusion	38.59 kJ/mol
Heat of	591.6 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	24.06 J/(mol·K)
pressure P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k at T (K) 2588 2811 3087 3424 3845 4388
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	8, 7, 6, 4, 3, 2, 1, -2 (mildly acidic oxide)
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 2.2
Atomic radius	empirical: 134 pm
Covalent radius	146±7 pm
Miscellanea
Crystal structure	​hexagonal close-packed (hcp)
Speed of sound thin rod	5970 m/s (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansion	6.4 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C)
Thermal conductivity	117 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity	71 n Ω·m (at 0 °C)
Magnetic ordering	paramagnetic
Young's modulus	447 GPa
Shear modulus	173 GPa
Bulk modulus	220 GPa
Poisson ratio	0.30
Mohs hardness	6.5
Brinell hardness	2160 MPa
CAS Number	7440-18-8
ଇତିହାସ
ଆବିଷ୍କାର	Jędrzej Śniadecki (1807)
First isolation	Jędrzej Śniadecki (1807)
Recognized as a distinct element by	Karl Ernst Claus (1844)
Most stable isotopes of ruthenium
iso NA half-life DM DE (MeV) DP 96Ru 5.52% >6.7×1016 y β+β+ 2.7188 96Mo 97Ru syn 2.9 d ε - 97Tc γ 0.215, 0.324 - 98Ru 1.88% 98Ru is stable with 54 neutrons 99Ru 12.7% 99Ru is stable with 55 neutrons 100Ru 12.6% 100Ru is stable with 56 neutrons 101Ru 17.0% 101Ru is stable with 57 neutrons 102Ru 31.6% 102Ru is stable with 58 neutrons 103Ru syn 39.26 d β− 0.226 103Rh γ 0.497 - 104Ru 18.7% 104Ru is stable with 60 neutrons 106Ru syn 373.59 d β− 3.54 106Rh

References

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