ଶ୍ରେଣୀ (ପର୍ଯ୍ୟାୟ ସାରଣୀ)
ରସାୟନ ବିଜ୍ଞାନରେ, ଗ୍ରୁପ କହିଲେ ରାସାୟନିକ ମୌଳିକମାନଙ୍କର ପର୍ଯ୍ୟାୟ ସାରଣୀରେ ଥିବା ସ୍ତମ୍ବକୁ ବୁଝାଏ । ଏକ ମାନକ ପର୍ଯ୍ୟାୟ ସରଣୀରେ ୧୮ ଗ୍ରୁପ ଥାଏ (ଏଫ-ବ୍ଲକକୁ ବାଦ ଦେଲେ) ।
ପୁରୁଣା ନାମକରଣ
[ସମ୍ପାଦନା]ଗ୍ରୁପରେ ଥିବା ମୌଳିକ
[ସମ୍ପାଦନା]The periodic table groups are as follows:[୧][୨]
| Groups in the periodic table | |||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Group number | 1 | 2 | 3b | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | |
| CAS (US) | IA | IIA | IIIB | IVB | VB | VIB | VIIB | VIIIB | VIIIB | VIIIB | IB | IIB | IIIA | IVA | VA | VIA | VIIA | VIIIA | |
| old IUPAC (European) | IA | IIA | IIIA | IVA | VA | VIA | VIIA | VIII | VIII | VIII | IB | IIB | IIIB | IVB | VB | VIB | VIIB | Group 0 | |
| Trivial name | Alkali metals | Alkaline earth metals | Coinage metalsc | Volatile metalsc | Icosagensc | Crystallogensc | Pnictogens | Chalcogens | Halogens | Noble gases | |||||||||
| Name by element | Lithium group | Beryllium group | Scandium group | Titanium group | Vanadium group | Chromium group | Manganese group | Iron group | Cobalt group | Nickel group | Copper group | Zinc group | Boron group | Carbon group | Nitrogen group | Oxygen group | Fluorine group | Helium or Neon group | |
| Period 1 | Ha |
He | |||||||||||||||||
| Period 2 | Li |
Be |
B |
C |
N |
O |
F |
Ne | |||||||||||
| Period 3 | Na |
Mg |
Al |
Si |
P |
S |
Cl |
Ar | |||||||||||
| Period 4 | K |
Ca |
Sc |
Ti |
V |
Cr |
Mn |
Fe |
Co |
Ni |
Cu |
Zn |
Ga |
Ge |
As |
Se |
Br |
Kr | |
| Period 5 | Rb |
Sr |
f-blockb | Y |
Zr |
Nb |
Mo |
Tc |
Ru |
Rh |
Pd |
Ag |
Cd |
In |
Sn |
Sb |
Te |
I |
Xe |
| Period 6 | Cs |
Ba |
lanthanides | Lub |
Hf |
Ta |
W |
Re |
Os |
Ir |
Pt |
Au |
Hg |
Tl |
Pb |
Bi |
Po |
At |
Rn |
| Period 7 | Fr |
Ra |
actinides | Lrb |
Rf |
Db |
Sg |
Bh |
Hs |
Mt |
Ds |
Rg |
Cn |
Uut |
Fl |
Uup |
Lv |
Uus |
Uuo |
| a Hydrogen (H), while placed in column 1, is not considered to be an alkali metal. | |||||||||||||||||||
| b Group 3: depending on the source: Lutetium (Lu) and Lawrencium (Lr) may be included; the f-block (with 14 lanthanides and 14 actinides) may be included. | |||||||||||||||||||
| c This group name is not recommended by IUPAC. | |||||||||||||||||||
| Large version | |||||||||||||||||||
| New IUPAC numbering | CAS (American) | Old IUPAC (European) | Name by element | Specific name | note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Group 1 | IA | IA | lithium family | alkali metals | Hydrogen is in this column, but not considered to be an alkali metal |
| Group 2 | IIA | IIA | beryllium family | alkaline earth metals | |
| Group 3 | IIIB | IIIA | scandium family | Consisting of rare earth elements plus actinides | |
| Group 4 | IVB | IVA | titanium family | ||
| Group 5 | VB | VA | vanadium family | ||
| Group 6 | VIB | VIA | chromium family | ||
| Group 7 | VIIB | VIIA | manganese family | ||
| Group 8 | VIIIB | VIII | iron family | ||
| Group 9 | VIIIB | VIII | cobalt family | ||
| Group 10 | VIIIB | VIII | nickel family | ||
| Group 11 | IB | IB | copper family | coinage metals | The name coinage metals is not IUPAC-recommended |
| Group 12 | IIB | IIB | zinc family | ||
| Group 13 | IIIA | IIIB | boron family | triels | triels from Greek tri (three, III) |
| Group 14 | IVA | IVB | carbon family | tetrels | tetrels from Greek tetra (four, IV) |
| Group 15 | VA | VB | nitrogen family | pnictogens | |
| Group 16 | VIA | VIB | oxygen family | chalcogens | |
| Group 17 | VIIA | VIIB | fluorine family | halogens | |
| Group 18 | VIIIA | Group 0 | helium family or neon family | noble gases |
ଆଧାର
[ସମ୍ପାଦନା]- ↑ Fluck, E. (1988). "New Notations in the Periodic Table" (PDF). Pure Appl. Chem. IUPAC. 60 (3): 431–436. doi:10.1351/pac198860030431. Retrieved 24 March 2012.
- ↑ IUPAC (2005). "nomenclature of innorganic chemistry" (PDF). p. 51. Retrieved 2013-06-03.
ଅଧିକ ପଢନ୍ତୁ
[ସମ୍ପାଦନା]- Scerri, E. R. (2007). The periodic table, its story and its significance. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-530573-9.