ଉଦ୍‌ବେଗ

ଉଦ୍‌ବେଗ
A person diagnosed with panphobia, from Alexander Morison's 1843 book The Physiognomy of Mental Diseases.
ଶ୍ରେଣୀବିଭାଗ ଓ ବାହାର ସ୍ରୋତ
ସ୍ପେଶାଲିଟି	Psychiatry, psychology

ଉଦ୍‌ବେଗ ହେଉଛି ଏକ ମନର ଭାବ ଯାହାକି ମନରେ ଆଭ୍ୟନ୍ତରୀଣ ଅଶାନ୍ତି ସୃଷ୍ଟି କରିଥାଏ, ବହୁ ସମୟରେ ଏଥିସହ ଘାବରେଇ ଯିବା ଭଳି ବ୍ୟବହାର ମଧ୍ୟ ଯଥା ଆଗ ପଛ ହେବା, ଦୈହିକ ଅଭିଯୋଗ ଓ ସବୁବେଳେ ଚିନ୍ତାକରିବା ସ୍ଥତିରେ ରହିବ ଆଦି ହୋଇପାରେ । ଆଗକୁ ଘଟିବାକୁ ଥିବା ଘଟଣାଗୁଡିକ ବିଷୟରେ ଚିନ୍ତା କରିବାର ଏହା ଏକ ଖରାପ ଭାବନା, ଯଥା କେଉଁ ନିଜର ବ୍ୟକ୍ତିଙ୍କର ମୃତ୍ୟୁ ଇତ୍ୟାଦି ।  ଉଦ୍‌ବେଗ ଓ ଡର ସମାନ ଭାବନା ନୁହନ୍ତି । ଡର ହେଉଛି ସଙ୍ଗେ ସଙ୍ଗେ ଘଟିଥିବା ଘଟଣାର ଏକ ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟା, କିନ୍ତୁ ଉଦ୍‌ବେଗ ହେଉଛି ଭବିଷ୍ୟତରେ ଘଟିବାକୁ ଥିବା ଆଶଙ୍କିତ ଘଟଣା ।  Anxiety is a feeling of uneasiness and worry, usually generalized and unfocused as an overreaction to a situation that is only subjectively seen as menacing. ଉଦ୍‌ବେଗ  ଏକ ସମ୍ପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ ପ୍ରାକୃତିକ ଭାବନା ଅଟେ, କିନ୍ତୁ ଯଦି ଏହା ବାରମ୍ବାର ହେଉଛି ତେବେ ଏହା ଉଦ୍‌ବେଗ ଅବ୍ୟବସ୍ଥା ରୂପ ନେଇପାରେ ।

ଲକ୍ଷଣ 

Anxiety can be experienced with long, drawn out daily symptoms that reduce quality of life, known as chronic (or generalized) anxiety, or it can be experienced in short spurts with sporadic, stressful panic attacks, known as acute anxiety. Symptoms of anxiety can range in number, intensity, and frequency, depending on the person. While almost everyone has experienced anxiety at some point in their lives, most do not develop long-term problems with anxiety.

Anxiety may cause psychiatric and physiological symptoms.

The risk of anxiety leading to depression could possibly even lead to an individual harming themselves, which is why there are many 24-hour suicide prevention hotlines.

The physiological symptoms of anxiety may include:

• Neurological, as headache, paresthesias, vertigo, or presyncope.
• Digestive, as abdominal pain, nausea, diarrhea, indigestion, dry mouth, or bolus.
• Respiratory, as shortness of breath or sighing breathing.
• Cardiac, as palpitations, tachycardia, or chest pain.
• Muscular, as fatigue, tremors, or tetany.
• Cutaneous, as perspiration, or itchy skin.
• Uro-genital, as frequent urination, urinary urgency, dyspareunia, or impotence.

ପ୍ରକାର 

Painting entitled Anxiety, 1894, by Edvard Munch

Existential

The philosopher Søren Kierkegaard, in The Concept of Anxiety (1844), described anxiety or dread associated with the "dizziness of freedom" and suggested the possibility for positive resolution of anxiety through the self-conscious exercise of responsibility and choosing. In Art and Artist (1932), the psychologist Otto Rank wrote that the psychological trauma of birth was the pre-eminent human symbol of existential anxiety and encompasses the creative person's simultaneous fear of – and desire for – separation, individuation, and differentiation.

The theologian Paul Tillich characterized existential anxiety as "the state in which a being is aware of its possible nonbeing" and he listed three categories for the nonbeing and resulting anxiety: ontic (fate and death), moral (guilt and condemnation), and spiritual (emptiness and meaninglessness). According to Tillich, the last of these three types of existential anxiety, i.e. spiritual anxiety, is predominant in modern times while the others were predominant in earlier periods. Tillich argues that this anxiety can be accepted as part of the human condition or it can be resisted but with negative consequences. In its pathological form, spiritual anxiety may tend to "drive the person toward the creation of certitude in systems of meaning which are supported by tradition and authority" even though such "undoubted certitude is not built on the rock of reality".

According to Viktor Frankl, the author of Man's Search for Meaning, when a person is faced with extreme mortal dangers, the most basic of all human wishes is to find a meaning of life to combat the "trauma of nonbeing" as death is near.

ପରୀକ୍ଷଣ ଏବଂ  ପ୍ରଦର୍ଶନ 

According to Yerkes-Dodson law, an optimal level of arousal is necessary to best complete a task such as an exam, performance, or competitive event. However, when the anxiety or level of arousal exceeds that optimum, the result is a decline in performance.

Test anxiety is the uneasiness, apprehension, or nervousness felt by students who have a fear of failing an exam. Students who have test anxiety may experience any of the following: the association of grades with personal worth; fear of embarrassment by a teacher; fear of alienation from parents or friends; time pressures; or feeling a loss of control. Sweating, dizziness, headaches, racing heartbeats, nausea, fidgeting, uncontrollable crying or laughing and drumming on a desk are all common. Because test anxiety hinges on fear of negative evaluation, debate exists as to whether test anxiety is itself a unique anxiety disorder or whether it is a specific type of social phobia. The DSM-IV classifies test anxiety as a type of social phobia.

While the term "test anxiety" refers specifically to students, many workers share the same experience with regard to their career or profession. The fear of failing at a task and being negatively evaluated for failure can have a similarly negative effect on the adult. Management of test anxiety focuses on achieving relaxation and developing mechanisms to manage anxiety.

ଅଜଣା, ସାମାଜିକ ଏବଂ ଅନ୍ତ-ବର୍ଗିକ ଉଦ୍ବେଗ

Humans generally require social acceptance and thus sometimes dread the disapproval of others. Apprehension of being judged by others may cause anxiety in social environments.

Anxiety during social interactions, particularly between strangers, is common among young people. It may persist into adulthood and become social anxiety or social phobia. "Stranger anxiety" in small children is not considered a phobia. In adults, an excessive fear of other people is not a developmentally common stage; it is called social anxiety. According to Cutting, social phobics do not fear the crowd but the fact that they may be judged negatively.

Social anxiety varies in degree and severity. For some people, it is characterized by experiencing discomfort or awkwardness during physical social contact (e.g. embracing, shaking hands, etc.), while in other cases it can lead to a fear of interacting with unfamiliar people altogether. Those suffering from this condition may restrict their lifestyles to accommodate the anxiety, minimizing social interaction whenever possible. Social anxiety also forms a core aspect of certain personality disorders, including avoidant personality disorder.

To the extent that a person is fearful of social encounters with unfamiliar others, some people may experience anxiety particularly during interactions with outgroup members, or people who share different group memberships (i.e., by race, ethnicity, class, gender, etc.). Depending on the nature of the antecedent relations, cognitions, and situational factors, intergroup contact may be stressful and lead to feelings of anxiety. This apprehension or fear of contact with outgroup members is often called interracial or intergroup anxiety.

ବିଶେଷତା

Anxiety can be either a short-term 'state' or a long-term personality "trait". Trait anxiety reflects a stable tendency across the lifespan of responding with acute, state anxiety in the anticipation of threatening situations (whether they are actually deemed threatening or not). A meta-analysis showed that a high level of neuroticism is a risk factor for development of anxiety symptoms and disorders. Such anxiety may be conscious or unconscious.

Personality can also be a trait leading towards anxiety and depression. Through experience many find it difficult to collect themselves due to their own personal nature.

ନିଷ୍ପତି କିମ୍ବା ବିକଳ୍ପ 

Anxiety induced by the need to choose between similar options is increasingly being recognized as a problem for individuals and for organizations. In 2004, Capgemini wrote: "Today we're all faced with greater choice, more competition and less time to consider our options or seek out the right advice."

In a decision context, unpredictability or uncertainty may trigger emotional responses in anxious individuals that systematically alter decision-making. There are primarily two forms of this anxiety type. The first form refers to a choice in which there are multiple potential outcomes with known or calculable probabilities. The second form refers to the uncertainty and ambiguity related to a decision context in which there are multiple possible outcomes with unknown probabilities.

ଉଦବେଗ ଜନିତ ଅଵ୍ୟଵସ୍ଥା 

Anxiety disorders are a group of mental disorders characterized by exaggerated feelings of anxiety and fear responses. Anxiety is a worry about future events and fear is a reaction to current events. These feelings may cause physical symptoms, such as a fast heart rate and shakiness. There are a number of anxiety disorders: including generalized anxiety disorder, specific phobia, social anxiety disorder, separation anxiety disorder, agoraphobia, panic disorder, and selective mutism. The disorder differs by what results in the symptoms. People often have more than one anxiety disorder.

The cause of anxiety disorders is a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Anxiety can stem itself from certain factors: genetics, medicinal side-effects, shortness of oxygen. Risk factors include a history of child abuse, family history of mental disorders, and poverty. Anxiety disorders often occur with other mental disorders, particularly major depressive disorder, personality disorder, and substance use disorder. To be diagnosed symptoms typically need to be present at least six months, be more than would be expected for the situation, and decrease functioning. Other problems that may result in similar symptoms including hyperthyroidism, heart disease, caffeine, alcohol, or cannabis use, and withdrawal from certain drugs, among others.

Without treatment, anxiety disorders tend to remain. Treatment may include lifestyle changes, counselling, and medications. Counselling is typically with a type of cognitive behavioural therapy. Medications, such as antidepressants or beta blockers, may improve symptoms.

About 12% of people are affected by an anxiety disorder in a given year and between 5-30% are affected at some point in their life. They occur about twice as often in women than they do in men, and generally begin before the age of 25. The most common are specific phobia which affects nearly 12% and social anxiety disorder which affects 10% at some point in their life. They affect those between the ages of 15 and 35 the most and become less common after the age of 55. Rates appear to be higher in the United States and Europe.

ଆହୁରି ଦେଖନ୍ତୁ 

• Tripartite Model of Anxiety and Depression
• Uncanny

External links

• ଉଇକିମିଡ଼ିଆ କମନ୍ସରେ Anxiety-ସମ୍ପର୍କିତ ମିଡ଼ିଆ
• ଉଦ୍‌ବେଗ at Curlie