ମେଟ୍‌ଫର୍ମିନ

ମେଟ୍‌ଫର୍ମିନ
Clinical data
Pronunciation	/mɛtˈfɔːrm[invalid input: 'ɨ']n/, met-FAWR-min
Trade names	Glucophage, other
AHFS/Drugs.com	monograph
MedlinePlus	a696005
data	US FDA: metformin;
Pregnancy; category	AU: C ; US: B (No risk in non-human studies) ; ;
Routes of; administration	oral
ATC code	A10BA02 (WHO) ;
Legal status
Legal status	AU: S4 (Prescription only) ; CA: ℞-only ; UK: POM (Prescription only) ; US: ℞-only ;
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	50–60%
Protein binding	Minimal
Metabolism	Not by liver
Elimination half-life	4-8.7 hours
Excretion	Urine (90%)
Identifiers
	IUPAC name N,N-Dimethylimidodicarbonimidic diamide;
CAS Number	657-24-9 ;
PubChem CID	4091;
IUPHAR/BPS	4779;
DrugBank	DB00331;
ChemSpider	3949 ;
UNII	9100L32L2N; 786Z46389E;
KEGG	D04966 ;
ChEBI	CHEBI:6801 ;
ChEMBL	CHEMBL1431 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.010.472
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C4H11N5
Molar mass	129.16364 g/mol
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
	SMILES CN(C)C(=N)NC(=N)N;
	InChI InChI=1S/C4H11N5/c1-9(2)4(7)8-3(5)6/h1-2H3,(H5,5,6,7,8); Key:XZWYZXLIPXDOLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N ;

ଇଂରାଜୀ ଲିଙ୍କ

https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metformin

ମେଟ୍‌ଫର୍ମିନ, ବିକ୍ରୟ ନାମ ଗ୍ଲୁକୋଫେଜ, ଔଷଧ ଟାଇପ ୨ ଡାଏବେଟିସ ରୋଗ ଚିକିତ୍ସାର ଏକ ପ୍ରଥମ ଧାଡ଼ିର ଔଷଧ ଭାବରେ ଦିଆଯାଏ ।^[୩] ବିଶେଷତଃ ଓଜନ ଆଧିକ୍ୟ ଥିବା ଲୋକଙ୍କ ନିମନ୍ତେ ଏହା ଆବଶ୍ୟକ । ^[୪] ଏହା ପଲିସିସ୍ଟିକ ଓଭାରି ସିଣ୍ଡ୍ରୋମରେ ବ୍ୟବ‌ହାର କରାଯାଏ ।^[୩] ଡାଏବେଟିସର ହୃଦ୍‌ରକ୍ତନଳୀ ରୋଗ ଓ କର୍କଟ ଭଳି ଜଟିଳତାକୁ ମେଟ୍‌ଫରମିନ ପ୍ରତିରୋଧ କରିବା ସପକ୍ଷରେ ସୀମିତ ପ୍ରମାଣ ମିଳୁଛି । ^[୫]^[୬] ଓଜନ ବୃଦ୍ଧି ସ‌ହ ଏହାର ସମ୍ପର୍କ ନାହିଁ ।^[୬] ଏହା ପାଟିରେ ଦିଆଯାଏ ।^[୩]

ମେଟ୍‌ଫର୍ମିନ ଔଷଧକୁ ଦେହ ଭଲରୂପେ ସ‌ହିପାରେ ।^[୭] ସାଧାରଣ ପାର୍ଶ୍ୱ ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟା ମଧ୍ୟରେ ତରଳ ଝାଡ଼ା, ଅଇ ଓ ପେଟ ଯନ୍ତ୍ରଣା ଦେଖାଯାଏ ।^[୩] ଏହାର ବ୍ୟବ‌ହାରଦ୍ୱାର ସ୍ୱଳ୍ପ ରକ୍ତ ଶର୍କରା ହେବା ସଙ୍କଟ ବ‌ହୁତ କମ୍ ।^[୩] ଅଧିକ ମାତ୍ରାରେ ଓ ବେଠିକ ଭାବରେ ଦେଲେ ଉଚ୍ଚ ରକ୍ତ ଲାକ୍ଟିକ ଏସିଡ ସ୍ତର ହୋଇପାରେ । ^[୮] ଯକୃତ ରୋଗ ଓ ବୃକ୍‌କ ସମସ୍ୟା ଥିଲେ ଏହା ଦେବା ଉଚିତ ନୁହେଁ ।^[୩] ଗର୍ଭାବସ୍ଥାରେ ମେଟ୍‌ଫର୍ମିନ ଦେଲେ ଯଦିଓ କୌଣସି କ୍ଷତି ପରିଲକ୍ଷିତ ହୋଇନାହିଁ, ତ‌ଥାପି ଗର୍ଭାବସ୍ଥା ଡାଏବେଟିସରେ ଏହା ଅପେକ୍ଷା ଇନସୁଲିନ ଅଧିକ ପସନ୍ଦ କରାଯାଏ । ^[୩]^[୯] ମେଟ୍‌ଫର୍ମିନ ଏକା ବାଇଗୁଆନାଇଡ ଶ୍ରେଣୀର ଔଷଧ ।^[୩] ଏହା ଗ୍ଲୁକୋଜ ପ୍ରସ୍ତୁତି କମେଇଦିଏ ।^[୩]

ମେଟ୍‌ଫର୍ମିନ ସନ ୧୯୨୨ରେ ଆବିଷ୍କୃତ ହୋଇଥିଲା ।^[୧୦] ମଣିଷ ଦେହରେ ୧୯୫୦ରେ ଫରାସୀ ଚିକିତ୍ସକ ଜିନ ସ୍ଟର୍ନ (Jean Sterne) ପ୍ରୟୋଗ କରିଥିଲେ ।^[୧୦] ଏହା ଫ୍ରାନ୍ସରେ ସନ ୧୯୫୭ରେ ଓ ଯୁକ୍ତରାଷ୍ଟ୍ର ଆମେରିକାରେ ସନ ୧୯୫ରେ ପ୍ରୟୋଗ କରାଯାଇଥିଲା ।^[୩]^[୧୧] ଏହାର ନାମ ବିଶ୍ୱ ସ୍ୱାସ୍ଥ୍ୟ ସଂଗଠନର ଅତ୍ୟାବଶ୍ୟକୀୟ ଔଷଧ ଚିଠାରେ ଅଛି ଯାହା ମୌଳିକ ସ୍ୱାସ୍ଥ୍ୟ ସିସ୍ଟମ ନିମନ୍ତେ ଅତି ମହତ୍ତ୍ୱପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ ।^[୧୨] ପାଟିରେ ଦିଆଯାଉଥିବା ଔଷଧମାନଙ୍କ ମଧ୍ୟରେ ମେଟ୍‌ଫର୍ମିନ ସର୍ବାଧିକ ଦିଆଯାଏ ।^[୧୦] ଏହା ଜେନେରିକ ଔଷଧ ନାମରେ ଉପଲବ୍‌ଧ ହୁଏ ।^[୩] ସନ ୨୦୧୪ରେ ଏହାର ହୋଲସେଲ ମୂଲ୍ୟ ଏକ ମାସକୁ ୦.୨୧ରୁ ୫.୫୫ ଆମେରିକୀୟ ଡଲାର ଥିଲା । ^[୧୩] ଯୁକ୍ତରାଷ୍ଟ୍ର ଆମେରିକାରେ ଏହାର ମୂଲ୍ୟ ମାସକୁ ୫ରୁ ୨୫ ଡଲାର ।^[୩]

ଆଧାର

↑ ^୧.୦ ^୧.୧ ^୧.୨ ^୧.୩ ^୧.୪ Dunn CJ, Peters DH (May 1995). "Metformin. A review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic use in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus". Drugs. 49 (5): 721–49. doi:10.2165/00003495-199549050-00007. PMID 7601013.
↑ Hundal RS, Inzucchi SE (2003). "Metformin: new understandings, new uses". Drugs. 63 (18): 1879–94. doi:10.2165/00003495-200363180-00001. PMID 12930161.
↑ ^୩.୦୦ ^୩.୦୧ ^୩.୦୨ ^୩.୦୩ ^୩.୦୪ ^୩.୦୫ ^୩.୦୬ ^୩.୦୭ ^୩.୦୮ ^୩.୦୯ ^୩.୧୦ ^୩.୧୧ "Metformin Hydrochloride". The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Retrieved Jan 2016. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
↑ Global Guideline for Type 2 Diabetes (PDF). International Diabetes Federation. 2005. p. 36. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2016-02-28.
↑ Malek, M; Aghili, R; Emami, Z; Khamseh, ME (2013). "Risk of Cancer in Diabetes: The Effect of Metformin" (PDF). ISRN Endocrinology. 2013: 636927. doi:10.1155/2013/636927. PMC 3800579. PMID 24224094.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
↑ ^୬.୦ ^୬.୧ "Type 2 diabetes and metformin. First choice for monotherapy: weak evidence of efficacy but well-known and acceptable adverse effects". Prescrire international. 23 (154): 269–72. November 2014. PMID 25954799.
↑ Triggle, CR; Ding, H (17 December 2015). "Metformin is not just an antihyperglycaemic drug but also has protective effects on the vascular endothelium". Acta physiologica (Oxford, England). doi:10.1111/apha.12644. PMID 26680745.
↑ Lipska KJ, Bailey CJ, Inzucchi SE (June 2011). "Use of metformin in the setting of mild-to-moderate renal insufficiency". Diabetes Care. 34 (6): 1431–7. doi:10.2337/dc10-2361. PMC 3114336. PMID 21617112.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
↑ Lautatzis, ME; Goulis, DG; Vrontakis, M (November 2013). "Efficacy and safety of metformin during pregnancy in women with gestational diabetes mellitus or polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review". Metabolism: clinical and experimental. 62 (11): 1522–34. doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2013.06.006. PMID 23886298.
↑ ^୧୦.୦ ^୧୦.୧ ^୧୦.୨ Fischer, Janos (2010). Analogue-based Drug Discovery II. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 47–49. ISBN 9783527632121.
↑ McKee, Mitchell Bebel Stargrove, Jonathan Treasure, Dwight L. (2008). Herb, nutrient, and drug interactions : clinical implications and therapeutic strategies. St. Louis, Mo.: Mosby/Elsevier. p. 217. ISBN 9780323029643.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
↑ "WHO Model List of EssentialMedicines" (PDF). World Health Organization. October 2013. Retrieved 22 April 2014.
↑ "Metformin". Retrieved 11 January 2016.^{[permanent dead link]}

[D95-1] ୧.୦ ^୧.୧ ^୧.୨ ^୧.୩ ^୧.୪ Dunn CJ, Peters DH (May 1995). "Metformin. A review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic use in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus". Drugs. 49 (5): 721–49. doi:10.2165/00003495-199549050-00007. PMID 7601013.

[D03-2] Hundal RS, Inzucchi SE (2003). "Metformin: new understandings, new uses". Drugs. 63 (18): 1879–94. doi:10.2165/00003495-200363180-00001. PMID 12930161.

[AHFS2016-3] ୩.୦୦ ^୩.୦୧ ^୩.୦୨ ^୩.୦୩ ^୩.୦୪ ^୩.୦୫ ^୩.୦୬ ^୩.୦୭ ^୩.୦୮ ^୩.୦୯ ^୩.୧୦ ^୩.୧୧ "Metformin Hydrochloride". The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Retrieved Jan 2016. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)

[4] Global Guideline for Type 2 Diabetes (PDF). International Diabetes Federation. 2005. p. 36. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2016-02-28.

[5] Malek, M; Aghili, R; Emami, Z; Khamseh, ME (2013). "Risk of Cancer in Diabetes: The Effect of Metformin" (PDF). ISRN Endocrinology. 2013: 636927. doi:10.1155/2013/636927. PMC 3800579. PMID 24224094.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)

[Pres2014-6] ୬.୦ ^୬.୧ "Type 2 diabetes and metformin. First choice for monotherapy: weak evidence of efficacy but well-known and acceptable adverse effects". Prescrire international. 23 (154): 269–72. November 2014. PMID 25954799.

[7] Triggle, CR; Ding, H (17 December 2015). "Metformin is not just an antihyperglycaemic drug but also has protective effects on the vascular endothelium". Acta physiologica (Oxford, England). doi:10.1111/apha.12644. PMID 26680745.

[pmid21617112-8] Lipska KJ, Bailey CJ, Inzucchi SE (June 2011). "Use of metformin in the setting of mild-to-moderate renal insufficiency". Diabetes Care. 34 (6): 1431–7. doi:10.2337/dc10-2361. PMC 3114336. PMID 21617112.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[9] Lautatzis, ME; Goulis, DG; Vrontakis, M (November 2013). "Efficacy and safety of metformin during pregnancy in women with gestational diabetes mellitus or polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review". Metabolism: clinical and experimental. 62 (11): 1522–34. doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2013.06.006. PMID 23886298.

[Fis2010-10] ୧୦.୦ ^୧୦.୧ ^୧୦.୨ Fischer, Janos (2010). Analogue-based Drug Discovery II. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 47–49. ISBN 9783527632121.

[11] McKee, Mitchell Bebel Stargrove, Jonathan Treasure, Dwight L. (2008). Herb, nutrient, and drug interactions : clinical implications and therapeutic strategies. St. Louis, Mo.: Mosby/Elsevier. p. 217. ISBN 9780323029643.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[12] "WHO Model List of EssentialMedicines" (PDF). World Health Organization. October 2013. Retrieved 22 April 2014.

[13] "Metformin". Retrieved 11 January 2016.^{[permanent dead link]}

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