ଇଙ୍ଗୁଇନାଲ ହାର୍ନିଆ

Inguinal hernia
Inguinal hernia
	Diagram of an indirect, scrotal inguinal hernia (median view from the left).
ଉଚ୍ଚାରଣ	/ˈɪŋɡwɪnəl ˈhɜːrniə/ ;
ବିଭାଗ	General surgery
ଲକ୍ଷଣ	Pain, bulging in the groin
ଆକ୍ରାନ୍ତ ସମୟ	< 1 year old, > 50 years old
ବିପଦ କାରକ	Family history, smoking, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, obesity, pregnancy, peritoneal dialysis, collagen vascular disease, previous open appendectomy
ରୋଗ ନିର୍ଣ୍ଣୟ ପଦ୍ଧତି	Based on symptoms, medical imaging
ଚିକିତ୍ସା	Conservative, surgery
ପୁନଃପୌନିକ	27% (males), 3% (females)
ମୃତ୍ୟୁ ସାନ୍ଦ୍ରତା	59,800 (2015)
	[ଉଇକିଡାଟାରେ ବଦଳ କରନ୍ତୁ]

ଇଙ୍ଗୁଇନାଲ ହାର୍ନିଆ ରୋଗରେ ଇଙ୍ଗୁଇନାଲ କେନାଲ ଭିତରକୁ ଉଦରସ୍ଥିତ ପଦାର୍ଥ ପଶିଯାଏ । ^[୫] ପ୍ରାୟ ୬୬% ପ୍ରଭାବିତ ଲୋକଙ୍କଠାରେ ଲକ୍ଷଣ ଦେଖାଯାଏ । ^[୧] ଏଥିରେ କାଶ, ବ୍ୟାୟାମ କିମ୍ବା ଅନ୍ତନଳୀ ଗତି ସମୟରେ ଯନ୍ତ୍ରଣା କିମ୍ବା ଅସୁବିଧା ଲାଗିପାରେ । ^[୧] ଦିନସାରା ଖରାପ ଲାଗେ କିନ୍ତୁ ଶୋଇବା ସମୟରେ ଆରାମ ଲାଗେ । ^[୧] ହାର୍ନିଆ ସ୍ଥାନଟି ଫୁଲିଯାଏ ଓ ଭାର ବହନ କରିବା ସମୟରେ ବଡ଼ ଦେଖାଯାଏ । ^[୧] ବାମ ପାର୍ଶ୍ୱ ଅପେକ୍ଷା ଡାହାଣ ପାର୍ଶ୍ୱରେ ଇଙ୍ଗୁଏନାଲ୍ ହର୍ନିଆ ଅଧିକ ହୁଏ ।^[୧] ଏହି ରୋଗରେ ମୂଖ୍ୟ ଚିନ୍ତାର ବିଷୟ ହେଉଛି ଷ୍ଟ୍ରାଙ୍ଗୁଲେସନ, ଅର୍ଥ ଚିପିହୋଇଯିବା ଯୋଗୁ ଉକ୍ତ ଅନ୍ତନଳୀକୁ ରକ୍ତ‌ଯୋଗାଣ ବନ୍ଦ ହୋଇଯାଏ ।^[୧] ଏଥିରେ ଘୋର ଯନ୍ତ୍ରଣା ଏବଂ ଦରଜ ସୃଷ୍ଟି ହୋଇଥାଏ । ^[୧]

ଧୂମ୍ରପାନ, କ୍ରନିକ୍ ଅବଷ୍ଟ୍ରକ୍ଟିଭ ଫୁସଫୁସ ରୋଗ, ମୋଟାପଣ, ଗର୍ଭଧାରଣ, ପେରିଟୋନିଆଲ୍ ଡାୟଲିସିସ୍, କୋଲାଜେନ ଭାସ୍କୁଲାର ରୋଗ ଏବଂ ପୂର୍ବରୁ ଆପେଣ୍ଡିସେକ୍ଟୋମି ହୋଇଥିଲେ ବିପଦ ସଙ୍କଟ ରହେ ।^[୫] ^[୬] ହର୍ନିଆ ରୋଗର କାରଣ ଆଂଶିକ ଜେନେଟିକ ଥାଏ ଏବଂ ନିର୍ଦ୍ଦିଷ୍ଟ ପରିବାରରେ ପ୍ରାୟ ଘଟେ । ^[୧] ଭାରୀ ଜିନିଷ ଉଠାଇବା ସହିତ ଇଙ୍ଗୁଏନାଲ୍ ହର୍ନିଆସ୍ ଜଡିତ କି ନାହିଁ ତାହା ଅସ୍ପଷ୍ଟ । ^[୧] ଲକ୍ଷଣ ଉପରେ ଆଧାର କରି ହର୍ନିଆସ୍ ରୋଗ ନିର୍ଣ୍ଣୟ କରାଯାଇପାରେ ।^[୧] ରୋଗ ନିର୍ଣ୍ଣୟକୁ ନିଶ୍ଚିତ କରିବା ପାଇଁ କିମ୍ବା ଅନ୍ୟାନ୍ୟ ସମ୍ଭାବ୍ୟ କାରଣକୁ ଏଡ଼ାଇବା ପାଇଁ ବେଳେବେଳେ ମେଡିକାଲ ଇମେଜିଙ୍ଗ ବ୍ୟବହୃତ ହୁଏ । ^[୧]

ପୁରୁଷମାନଙ୍କର ଗ୍ରଏନ ହାର୍ନିଆ କଷ୍ଟକର ହୋଇନଥିଲେ ମରାମତି ଆବଶ୍ୟକ ହୁଏନି ।^[୫] ମହିଳାମାନଙ୍କଠାରେ ଫିମୋରାଲ ହାର୍ନିଆ ଅଧିକ ହୁଏ ଓ ଅଧିକ ଜଟିଳ ହେଉଥିବାରୁ ମରାମତି ପାଇଁ ପରାମର୍ଶ ଦିଆଯାଏ ।^[୧] ଷ୍ଟ୍ରାଙ୍ଗୁଲେସନ ହେଲେ ତୁରନ୍ତ ଅସ୍ତ୍ରୋପଚାର ଆବଶ୍ୟକ ହୁଏ ।^[୧] ଖୋଲା ଅସ୍ତ୍ରୋପଚାର କିମ୍ବା ଲାପାରୋସ୍କୋପି ସାହାଯ୍ୟରେ ମରାମତି କରାଯାଇପାରେ । ଖୋଲା ଅସ୍ତ୍ରୋପଚାରରେ ସ୍ଥାନୀୟ ନିଶ୍ଚେତକ ଦେବା ଲାଭ ଜନ‌କ ହୁଏ ।^[୧] ଲାପାରୋସ୍କୋପିକ୍ ଅସ୍ତ୍ରୋପଚାର ପରେ କମ୍ ଯନ୍ତ୍ରଣା ହୁଏ । ^[୧] ^[୭]

୨୦୧୫ ମସିହାରେ ଇଙ୍ଗୁଇନାଲ, ଫିମୋରାଲ୍ ଏବଂ ଉଦର ହର୍ନିଆ ପ୍ରାୟ ୧୮.୫ ନିୟୁତ ଲୋକଙ୍କୁ ପ୍ରଭାବିତ କରିଥିଲା । ^[୮] ପ୍ରାୟ ୨୭% ପୁରୁଷ ଏବଂ ୩% ମହିଳା ସେମାନଙ୍କ ଜୀବନର କୌଣସି ସମୟରେ ଏକ ଗ୍ରଏନ ହର୍ନିଆ ହୋଇଥାଏ । ^[୫] ଏକ ବର୍ଷ ବୟସ ପୂର୍ବରୁ ଏବଂ ପଚାଶ ବର୍ଷ ପରେ ପ୍ରାୟ ଗ୍ରଏନ୍ ହାର୍ନିଆ ଘଟେ । ^[୬] ସର୍ବଭାରତୀୟ ସ୍ତରରେ ଇଙ୍ଗୁଏନାଲ୍, ଫିମୋରାଲ ଏବଂ ଉଦର ହର୍ନିଆ ଯୋଗୁ ୨୦୧୫ରେ ୬୦,୦୦୦ ଏବଂ ୧୯୯୦ରେ ୫୫,୦୦୦ ମୃତ୍ୟୁ ଘଟିଥିଲା । ^[୯] ^[୧୦]

ଆଧାର

↑ ^୧.୦୦ ^୧.୦୧ ^୧.୦୨ ^୧.୦୩ ^୧.୦୪ ^୧.୦୫ ^୧.୦୬ ^୧.୦୭ ^୧.୦୮ ^୧.୦୯ ^୧.୧୦ ^୧.୧୧ ^୧.୧୨ ^୧.୧୩ ^୧.୧୪ ^୧.୧୫ ^୧.୧୬ ^୧.୧୭ ^୧.୧୮ ^୧.୧୯ Fitzgibbons RJ, Jr; Forse, RA (19 February 2015). "Clinical practice. Groin hernias in adults" (PDF). The New England Journal of Medicine. 372 (8): 756–63. doi:10.1056/NEJMcp1404068. PMID 25693015. Archived (PDF) from the original on 18 November 2021. Retrieved 25 January 2022.
↑ ^୨.୦ ^୨.୧ Domino, Frank J. (2014). The 5-minute clinical consult 2014 (22nd ed.). Philadelphia, Pa.: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 562. ISBN 9781451188509. Archived from the original on 2017-08-22. Retrieved 2022-01-25.
↑ Burcharth J, Pommergaard HC, Rosenberg J (2013). "The inheritance of groin hernia: a systematic review". Hernia. 17 (2): 183–9. doi:10.1007/s10029-013-1060-4. PMID 23423330. S2CID 27799467.
↑ GBD 2015 Mortality and Causes of Death, Collaborators. (8 October 2016). "Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015". Lancet. 388 (10053): 1459–1544. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31012-1. PMC 5388903. PMID 27733281. {{cite journal}}: |first1= has generic name (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
↑ ^୫.୦ ^୫.୧ ^୫.୨ ^୫.୩ Fitzgibbons RJ, Jr; Forse, RA (19 February 2015). "Clinical practice. Groin hernias in adults" (PDF). The New England Journal of Medicine. 372 (8): 756–63. doi:10.1056/NEJMcp1404068. PMID 25693015. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 November 2021. Retrieved 25 January 2022.
↑ ^୬.୦ ^୬.୧ Domino, Frank J. (2014). The 5-minute clinical consult 2014 (22nd ed.). Philadelphia, Pa.: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 562. ISBN 9781451188509. Archived from the original on 2017-08-22. Retrieved 2022-01-25.
↑ Simons MP, Aufenacker T, Bay-Nielsen M (August 2009). "European Hernia Society guidelines on the treatment of inguinal hernia in adult patients". Hernia. 13 (4): 343–403. doi:10.1007/s10029-009-0529-7. PMC 2719730. PMID 19636493.
↑ GBD 2015 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence, Collaborators. (8 October 2016). "Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015". Lancet. 388 (10053): 1545–1602. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6. PMC 5055577. PMID 27733282. {{cite journal}}: |first= has generic name (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
↑ GBD 2015 Mortality and Causes of Death, Collaborators. (8 October 2016). "Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015". Lancet. 388 (10053): 1459–1544. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31012-1. PMC 5388903. PMID 27733281. {{cite journal}}: |first= has generic name (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
↑ GBD 2013 Mortality and Causes of Death, Collaborators (17 December 2014). "Global, regional, and national age-sex specific all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 240 causes of death, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013". Lancet. 385 (9963): 117–71. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61682-2. PMC 4340604. PMID 25530442. {{cite journal}}: |first= has generic name (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)

[NEJM15-1] ୧.୦୦ ^୧.୦୧ ^୧.୦୨ ^୧.୦୩ ^୧.୦୪ ^୧.୦୫ ^୧.୦୬ ^୧.୦୭ ^୧.୦୮ ^୧.୦୯ ^୧.୧୦ ^୧.୧୧ ^୧.୧୨ ^୧.୧୩ ^୧.୧୪ ^୧.୧୫ ^୧.୧୬ ^୧.୧୭ ^୧.୧୮ ^୧.୧୯ Fitzgibbons RJ, Jr; Forse, RA (19 February 2015). "Clinical practice. Groin hernias in adults" (PDF). The New England Journal of Medicine. 372 (8): 756–63. doi:10.1056/NEJMcp1404068. PMID 25693015. Archived (PDF) from the original on 18 November 2021. Retrieved 25 January 2022.

[Dom2014-2] ୨.୦ ^୨.୧ Domino, Frank J. (2014). The 5-minute clinical consult 2014 (22nd ed.). Philadelphia, Pa.: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 562. ISBN 9781451188509. Archived from the original on 2017-08-22. Retrieved 2022-01-25.

[pmid23423330-3] Burcharth J, Pommergaard HC, Rosenberg J (2013). "The inheritance of groin hernia: a systematic review". Hernia. 17 (2): 183–9. doi:10.1007/s10029-013-1060-4. PMID 23423330. S2CID 27799467.

[GBD2015De-4] GBD 2015 Mortality and Causes of Death, Collaborators. (8 October 2016). "Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015". Lancet. 388 (10053): 1459–1544. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31012-1. PMC 5388903. PMID 27733281. {{cite journal}}: |first1= has generic name (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)

[autogen1-5] ୫.୦ ^୫.୧ ^୫.୨ ^୫.୩ Fitzgibbons RJ, Jr; Forse, RA (19 February 2015). "Clinical practice. Groin hernias in adults" (PDF). The New England Journal of Medicine. 372 (8): 756–63. doi:10.1056/NEJMcp1404068. PMID 25693015. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 November 2021. Retrieved 25 January 2022.

[autogen3-6] ୬.୦ ^୬.୧ Domino, Frank J. (2014). The 5-minute clinical consult 2014 (22nd ed.). Philadelphia, Pa.: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 562. ISBN 9781451188509. Archived from the original on 2017-08-22. Retrieved 2022-01-25.

[7] Simons MP, Aufenacker T, Bay-Nielsen M (August 2009). "European Hernia Society guidelines on the treatment of inguinal hernia in adult patients". Hernia. 13 (4): 343–403. doi:10.1007/s10029-009-0529-7. PMC 2719730. PMID 19636493.

[GBD2015Pre-8] GBD 2015 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence, Collaborators. (8 October 2016). "Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015". Lancet. 388 (10053): 1545–1602. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6. PMC 5055577. PMID 27733282. {{cite journal}}: |first= has generic name (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)

[autogen5-9] GBD 2015 Mortality and Causes of Death, Collaborators. (8 October 2016). "Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015". Lancet. 388 (10053): 1459–1544. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31012-1. PMC 5388903. PMID 27733281. {{cite journal}}: |first= has generic name (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)

[GDB2013-10] GBD 2013 Mortality and Causes of Death, Collaborators (17 December 2014). "Global, regional, and national age-sex specific all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 240 causes of death, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013". Lancet. 385 (9963): 117–71. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61682-2. PMC 4340604. PMID 25530442. {{cite journal}}: |first= has generic name (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)

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