ସୋଡିଅମ ଅକ୍ସିବେଟ

ସୋଡିଅମ ଅକ୍ସିବେଟ
Clinical data
Trade names	Xyrem, Alcover, Somsanit, others
Synonyms	γ-Hydroxybutyric acid (GHB), 4-hydroxybutanoic acid, NSC-84223, WY-3478
AHFS/Drugs.com	monograph
MedlinePlus	a605032
data	EU EMA: yes; US DailyMed: Sodium_oxybate;
Pregnancy; category	US: N (Not classified yet) ; ;
Addiction; liability	Extremely high
Routes of; administration	By mouth, intravenous
Legal status
Legal status	AU: S8 (Controlled) ; CA: CDSA Schedule III/FDA Schedule G Part I ; UK: CD POM (Schedule 2) ; US: Schedule I but Schedule III when in an FDA-approved drug product; EU: Rx-only ; ℞ (Prescription only);
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	88%
Protein binding	<1%
Onset of action	Within 30 min
Elimination half-life	0.5 to 1 hour.
Excretion	Almost entirely by biotransformation to carbon dioxide, which is then eliminated by expiration
Identifiers
	IUPAC name Sodium 4-hydroxybutanoate;
ECHA InfoCard	100.007.231
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C4H7NaO3
Molar mass	୧୨୬.୦୯ g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
	SMILES [Na+].[O-]C(=O)CCCO;
	InChI InChI=1S/C4H8O3.Na/c5-3-1-2-4(6)7;/h5H,1-3H2,(H,6,7);/q;+1/p-1 ; Key:XYGBKMMCQDZQOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M ;
(verify)

ସୋଡିଅମ ଅକ୍ସିବେଟ, ଅନ୍ୟ ନାମ ୱାଇ- ହାଇଡ୍ରୋକ୍ସିବୁଟିରିକ ଏସିଡ ( GHB ) ଭାବରେ ମଧ୍ୟ ଜଣାଶୁଣା, ଏକ ଔଷଧ ଯାହା ହଠାତ୍ ମାଂସପେଶୀର ଦୁର୍ବଳତା ଏବଂ ନାର୍କୋଲପ୍ସିରେ ଦେଖାଯାଉଥିବା ଅତ୍ୟଧିକ ନିଦ୍ରାର ଚିକିତ୍ସା କରିବା ପାଇଁ ବ୍ୟବହୃତ ହୁଏ ।^[୪] ଏହା ନିଶ୍ଚେରକ, ମଦ୍ୟପାନ ପ୍ରତ୍ୟାହାର ଏବଂ ଓପିଓଏଡ ପ୍ରତ୍ୟାହାର ପାଇଁ ମଧ୍ୟ ବ୍ୟବହୃତ ହୋଇପାରେ ।^[୬]^[୫] ଏହା ପାଟିରେ କିମ୍ବା ଶିରାରେ ଇଞ୍ଜେକ୍ସନଦ୍ୱାରା ଦିଆଯାଏ ।^[୭]^[୬] ଏହି ଔଷଧର ପ୍ରଭାବ ୩୦ ମିନିଟ୍ ମଧ୍ୟରେ ଆରମ୍ଭ ହୁଏ ।^[୫]

ସାଧାରଣ ପାର୍ଶ୍ୱ ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟାରେ ବାନ୍ତି, ମୁଣ୍ଡ ବୁଲାଇବା, ନିଦ୍ରାଳୁ ଭାବ ଏବଂ କମ୍ପନ ହୋଇପାରେ ।^[୮] ଅନ୍ୟାନ୍ୟ ପାର୍ଶ୍ୱ ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟାରେ ଅଣ‌ଯଥେଷ୍ଟ ଶ୍ୱାସକ୍ରିୟା, ଅପବ୍ୟବହାର, ବାତ ଏବଂ କୋମା ହୋଇପାରେ ।^[୪] ଏହାକୁ ମଦ୍ୟପାନ ସହିତ ବ୍ୟବହାର କରିବା ଉଚିତ୍ ନୁହେଁ ।^[୪] ଗର୍ଭଧାରଣ କିମ୍ବା ସ୍ତନ୍ୟପାନ କରାଇବା ସମୟରେ ବ୍ୟବହାର କରିବାକୁ ସୁପାରିଶ କରାଯାଏ ନାହିଁ ।^[୯] ଏହା ଗାବା (GABA) ରିସେପ୍ଟର ମାଧ୍ୟମରେ କାମ କରେ ।^[୫]

ସୋଡିଅମ ଅକ୍ସିବେ ୨୦୦୨ ମସିହାରେ ଯୁକ୍ତରାଷ୍ଟ୍ରରେ ଏବଂ ୨୦୦୫ମସିହାରେ ୟୁରୋପରେ ଚିକିତ୍ସା ପାଇଁ ଅନୁମୋଦିତ ହୋଇଥିଲା ।^[୮]^[୧୦] ଏହା ୧୯୬୦ ଦଶକରୁ ଅନେକ ଅବସ୍ଥା ପାଇଁ ବ୍ୟବହୃତ ହୋଇଆସୁଛି ।^[୬] ଏହା ଏକ ସାଧାରଣ ଔଷଧ ଭାବରେ ଉପଲବ୍ଧ ।^[୭] ଯୁକ୍ତରାଜ୍ୟରେ ୨୦୨୧ ମସିହା ସୁଦ୍ଧା ୯୦ମିଗ୍ରାର ମୂଲ୍ୟ ପ୍ରାୟ ୩୬୦ ପାଉଣ୍ଡ ଥିଲା ।^[୭] ଯୁକ୍ତରାଷ୍ଟ୍ରରେ ଏହି ରାଶିର ମୂଲ୍ୟ ପ୍ରାୟ ୫,୮୦୦ ଡଲାର ଅଟେ ।^[୧୧] ଏହା ଅନ୍ୟମାନଙ୍କ ମଧ୍ୟରେ Xyrem ବ୍ରାଣ୍ଡ ନାମରେ ବିକ୍ରି ହୁଏ | ^[୪] କାନାଡା ଏବଂ ଯୁକ୍ତରାଷ୍ଟ୍ରରେ ଏହାକୁ ସିଡ୍ୟୁଲ୍ ତୃତୀୟ ଶ୍ରେଣୀଭୁକ୍ତ କରାଯାଇଥିବାବେଳେ ୟୁରୋପରେ ଏହା ଏକ ସିଡ୍ୟୁଲ୍ ଚତୁର୍ଥ ନିୟନ୍ତ୍ରିତ ପଦାର୍ଥ ଅଟେ | ^[୧୨] ଏହା ମଧ୍ୟ ରେଭ୍ସରେ ମନୋରଞ୍ଜନକାରୀ ଭାବରେ ବ୍ୟବହୃତ ହୋଇଛି | ^[୫]

↑ Fisher, Gary L.; Roget, Nancy A. (2009). Encyclopedia of Substance Abuse Prevention, Treatment, and Recovery (in ଇଂରାଜୀ). SAGE. p. PT136. ISBN 978-1-4129-5084-8. Archived from the original on 2021-10-17. Retrieved 2021-10-12.
↑ "Sodium oxybate (Xyrem) Use During Pregnancy". Drugs.com. 2 April 2020. Archived from the original on 22 July 2020. Retrieved 22 July 2020.
↑ "International brands for Sodium Oxybate -". Drugs.com. Archived from the original on 16 April 2018. Retrieved 16 April 2018.
↑ ^୪.୦ ^୪.୧ ^୪.୨ ^୪.୩ ^୪.୪ ^୪.୫ "Xyrem- sodium oxybate solution". DailyMed. 30 September 2020. Archived from the original on 12 November 2020. Retrieved 14 November 2020.
↑ ^୫.୦ ^୫.୧ ^୫.୨ ^୫.୩ ^୫.୪ M, Procyshyn, Ric; Z, Bezchlibnyk-Butler, Kalyna; Joel, Jeffries, J. (15 July 2021). Clinical Handbook of Psychotropic Drugs (in ଇଂରାଜୀ). Hogrefe Publishing. p. 378. ISBN 978-1-61676-593-4. Archived from the original on 17 October 2021. Retrieved 12 October 2021.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
↑ ^୬.୦ ^୬.୧ ^୬.୨ "Critical review of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB)" (PDF). 2012. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2021-03-12. Retrieved 2021-06-27.^{:15, 27–28}
↑ ^୭.୦ ^୭.୧ ^୭.୨ BNF (80 ed.). BMJ Group and the Pharmaceutical Press. September 2020 – March 2021. p. 513. ISBN 978-0-85711-369-6.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date format (link)
↑ ^୮.୦ ^୮.୧ "Sodium Oxybate Monograph for Professionals". Drugs.com (in ଇଂରାଜୀ). Archived from the original on 14 November 2020. Retrieved 12 October 2021.
↑ "Sodium oxybate (Xyrem) Use During Pregnancy". Drugs.com (in ଇଂରାଜୀ). Archived from the original on 22 July 2020. Retrieved 12 October 2021.
↑ "Xyrem". Archived from the original on 6 October 2021. Retrieved 12 October 2021.
↑ "Xyrem Prices, Coupons & Patient Assistance Programs". Drugs.com (in ଇଂରାଜୀ). Archived from the original on 15 January 2021. Retrieved 12 October 2021.
↑ Wang YG, Swick TJ, Carter LP, Thorpy MJ, Benowitz NL (August 2009). "Safety overview of postmarketing and clinical experience of sodium oxybate (Xyrem): abuse, misuse, dependence, and diversion". Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine. 5 (4): 365–71. doi:10.5664/jcsm.27549. PMC 2725257. PMID 19968016.

[1] Fisher, Gary L.; Roget, Nancy A. (2009). Encyclopedia of Substance Abuse Prevention, Treatment, and Recovery (in ଇଂରାଜୀ). SAGE. p. PT136. ISBN 978-1-4129-5084-8. Archived from the original on 2021-10-17. Retrieved 2021-10-12.

[Drugs.com_pregnancy-2] "Sodium oxybate (Xyrem) Use During Pregnancy". Drugs.com. 2 April 2020. Archived from the original on 22 July 2020. Retrieved 22 July 2020.

[brands-3] "International brands for Sodium Oxybate -". Drugs.com. Archived from the original on 16 April 2018. Retrieved 16 April 2018.

[PI2021-4] ୪.୦ ^୪.୧ ^୪.୨ ^୪.୩ ^୪.୪ ^୪.୫ "Xyrem- sodium oxybate solution". DailyMed. 30 September 2020. Archived from the original on 12 November 2020. Retrieved 14 November 2020.

[Pro2021-5] ୫.୦ ^୫.୧ ^୫.୨ ^୫.୩ ^୫.୪ M, Procyshyn, Ric; Z, Bezchlibnyk-Butler, Kalyna; Joel, Jeffries, J. (15 July 2021). Clinical Handbook of Psychotropic Drugs (in ଇଂରାଜୀ). Hogrefe Publishing. p. 378. ISBN 978-1-61676-593-4. Archived from the original on 17 October 2021. Retrieved 12 October 2021.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[WHO2012-6] ୬.୦ ^୬.୧ ^୬.୨ "Critical review of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB)" (PDF). 2012. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2021-03-12. Retrieved 2021-06-27.^{:15, 27–28}

[BNF80-7] ୭.୦ ^୭.୧ ^୭.୨ BNF (80 ed.). BMJ Group and the Pharmaceutical Press. September 2020 – March 2021. p. 513. ISBN 978-0-85711-369-6.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date format (link)

[AHFS2021-8] ୮.୦ ^୮.୧ "Sodium Oxybate Monograph for Professionals". Drugs.com (in ଇଂରାଜୀ). Archived from the original on 14 November 2020. Retrieved 12 October 2021.

[Preg2021-9] "Sodium oxybate (Xyrem) Use During Pregnancy". Drugs.com (in ଇଂରାଜୀ). Archived from the original on 22 July 2020. Retrieved 12 October 2021.

[EPAR2021-10] "Xyrem". Archived from the original on 6 October 2021. Retrieved 12 October 2021.

[11] "Xyrem Prices, Coupons & Patient Assistance Programs". Drugs.com (in ଇଂରାଜୀ). Archived from the original on 15 January 2021. Retrieved 12 October 2021.

[Wang2009-12] Wang YG, Swick TJ, Carter LP, Thorpy MJ, Benowitz NL (August 2009). "Safety overview of postmarketing and clinical experience of sodium oxybate (Xyrem): abuse, misuse, dependence, and diversion". Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine. 5 (4): 365–71. doi:10.5664/jcsm.27549. PMC 2725257. PMID 19968016.

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