ଲିଣ୍ଡେନ

ଲିଣ୍ଡେନ
Clinical data
AHFS/Drugs.com	monograph
MedlinePlus	a682651
Pregnancy; category	C;
Routes of; administration	Topical
Legal status
Legal status	Production and agricultural use is banned in the 182 countries that are Parties to the Stockholm Convention, but pharmaceutical use is allowed as a second-line treatment for scabies and lice;
Pharmacokinetic data
Protein binding	91%
Metabolism	Hepatic cytochrome P-450 oxygenase system
Elimination half-life	18 hours
Identifiers
	IUPAC name (1r,2R,3S,4r,5R,6S)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane;
ECHA InfoCard	100.000.365
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C6H6Cl6
Molar mass	୨୯୦.୮୧ g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
	SMILES Cl[C@H]1[C@H](Cl)[C@@H](Cl)[C@@H](Cl)[C@H](Cl)[C@H]1Cl;
	InChI InChI=1S/C6H6Cl6/c7-1-2(8)4(10)6(12)5(11)3(1)9/h1-6H/t1-,2-,3-,4+,5+,6+ ; Key:JLYXXMFPNIAWKQ-GNIYUCBRSA-N ;
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ଲିଣ୍ଡେନ ହେଉଛି ଏକ ଔଷଧ ଏବଂ କୃଷି ସମ୍ପର୍କୀୟ କୀଟନାଶକ ।^[୨] ଏକ ଔଷଧ ଭାବରେ ଏହା ଉକୁଣୀ ଏବଂ କାଛୁର ଚିକିତ୍ସା ପାଇଁ ବ୍ୟବହୃତ ହୁଏ । ^[୩]

ଲିଣ୍ଡେନ୍ ହେଉଛି ଏକ ସ୍ନାୟୁ ବିଷ (ନ୍ୟୁରୋଟକ୍ସିନ୍) ଯାହା ପିକ୍ରୋଟକ୍ସିନ ବନ୍ଧନ ସ୍ଥାନରେ ଗାବା<sub id="mwFw">ଏ</sub> (GABA <sub id="mwFw">A</sub> )ରିସେପ୍ଟର-କ୍ଲୋରାଇଡ୍ ଚ୍ୟାନେଲ କମ୍ପ୍ଲେକ୍ସ ସହିତ ଯୋଗାଯୋଗ କରି GABA ନ୍ୟୁରୋଟ୍ରାନ୍ସମିଟର କାର୍ଯ୍ୟରେ ବାଧା ସୃଷ୍ଟି କରିଥାଏ । ମଣିଷମାନଙ୍କଠାରେ ସ୍ନାୟୁ ପ୍ରଣାଳୀ, ଯକୃତ ଏବଂ କିଡନୀକୁ ଲିଣ୍ଡେନ ପ୍ରଭାବିତ କରିଥାଏ ଏବଂ ଏହା ଏକ କର୍କଟ ରୋଗ ସୃଷ୍ଟିକାରୀ ହୋଇପାରେ ।^[୪] ^[୫] ଲିଣ୍ଡେନ୍ ଏକ ଅନ୍ତସ୍ରାବୀ ବାଧାକାରୀ କି ନୁହେଁ ତାହା ଅସ୍ପଷ୍ଟ ଅଛି ।^[୬] ^[୭] ^[୮] ଏହା ଏକ ଅର୍ଗାନୋକ୍ଲୋରିନ ଏବଂ ହେକ୍ସାକ୍ଲୋରୋସାଇକ୍ଲୋହେକ୍ସନର ଏକ ଆଇସୋମର |

ବିଶ୍ୱ ସ୍ୱାସ୍ଥ୍ୟ ସଂଗଠନ ଲିଣ୍ଡାନକୁ "ମଧ୍ୟମ ବିପଜ୍ଜନକ" ଔଷଧ ଶ୍ରେଣୀଭୁକ୍ତ କରିଛି ଏବଂ ଏହାର ଅନ୍ତର୍ଜାତୀୟ ବାଣିଜ୍ୟ ସୀମିତ ଏବଂ ପୂର୍ବ ସୂଚନା ସମ୍ମତି ଅନୁଯାୟୀ ରୋଟେରଡାମ୍ ସମ୍ମିଳନୀ ଅନୁଯାୟୀ ନିୟନ୍ତ୍ରିତ ।^[୯] ୨୦୦୯ ମସିହାରେ ଷ୍ଟକହୋମ ସମ୍ମିଳନୀ ଅନୁଯାୟୀ ଲିଣ୍ଡେନର ଉତ୍ପାଦନ ଏବଂ କୃଷି ବ୍ୟବହାର ଉପରେ ପ୍ରତିବନ୍ଧକ ଲଗାଯାଇଥିଲା ।^[୧୦] ସେହି ନିଷେଧାଦେଶ ପାଇଁ ଏକ ନିର୍ଦ୍ଦିଷ୍ଟ ରିହାତି ଏହାକୁ ଉକୁଣୀ ଏବଂ କାଛୁ ପାଇଁ ଦ୍ୱିତୀୟ ଧାଡିର ଔଷଧଚିକିତ୍ସା ଭାବରେ ବ୍ୟବହାର କରିବାକୁ ଅନୁମତି ଦିଏ ।^[୧୧]

ଆଧାର

↑ ^୧.୦ ^୧.୧ "Listing of POPs in the Stockholm Convention". Stockholm Convention. Archived from the original on 2018-10-16. Retrieved 2021-09-02.
↑ "The North American Regional Action Plan (NARAP) on Lindane and Other Hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) Isomers" (PDF). Commission for Environmental Cooperation. 2013. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2019-04-21. Retrieved 2020-02-28.
↑ "Lindane Monograph for Professionals". Drugs.com (in ଇଂରାଜୀ). Archived from the original on 20 August 2018. Retrieved 23 November 2021.
↑ Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
↑ Lindane Voluntary Cancellation and RED Addendum Fact Sheet Archived 2006-10-06 at the Wayback Machine., US EPA, July name 2006.
↑ U.S. EPA.
↑ "Summaries & Evaluations: HEXACHLOROCYCLOHEXANES (Group 2B)". International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). 1998-03-02. Archived from the original on 2021-05-10. Retrieved 2021-09-02.
↑ World Health Organization (WHO) (2004). "Lindane in Drinking Water: Background Document for Development of WHO Guidelines for Drinking-Water Quality" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2021-08-27. Retrieved 2020-02-28.
↑ World Health Organization, The WHO Recommended Classification of Pesticides by Hazard Archived 2021-07-04 at the Wayback Machine., 2005.
↑ "Press Release - COP4 - Geneva, 8 May 2009: Governments unite to step-up reduction on global DDT reliance and add nine new chemicals under international treaty". Archived from the original on 19 April 2016. Retrieved 2 September 2021.
↑ Eliane Engeler, "UN: Treaty expanded by 9 more dangerous chemicals", Associated Press 2009-05-09

[Stockholm-1] ୧.୦ ^୧.୧ "Listing of POPs in the Stockholm Convention". Stockholm Convention. Archived from the original on 2018-10-16. Retrieved 2021-09-02.

[2] "The North American Regional Action Plan (NARAP) on Lindane and Other Hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) Isomers" (PDF). Commission for Environmental Cooperation. 2013. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2019-04-21. Retrieved 2020-02-28.

[AHFS2021-3] "Lindane Monograph for Professionals". Drugs.com (in ଇଂରାଜୀ). Archived from the original on 20 August 2018. Retrieved 23 November 2021.

[Agency-4] Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.

[VolRED-5] Lindane Voluntary Cancellation and RED Addendum Fact Sheet Archived 2006-10-06 at the Wayback Machine., US EPA, July name 2006.

[EPACA-6] U.S. EPA.

[7] "Summaries & Evaluations: HEXACHLOROCYCLOHEXANES (Group 2B)". International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). 1998-03-02. Archived from the original on 2021-05-10. Retrieved 2021-09-02.

[8] World Health Organization (WHO) (2004). "Lindane in Drinking Water: Background Document for Development of WHO Guidelines for Drinking-Water Quality" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2021-08-27. Retrieved 2020-02-28.

[WHOClass-9] World Health Organization, The WHO Recommended Classification of Pesticides by Hazard Archived 2021-07-04 at the Wayback Machine., 2005.

[COP4,_2009_Press_release-10] "Press Release - COP4 - Geneva, 8 May 2009: Governments unite to step-up reduction on global DDT reliance and add nine new chemicals under international treaty". Archived from the original on 19 April 2016. Retrieved 2 September 2021.

[engeler-11] Eliane Engeler, "UN: Treaty expanded by 9 more dangerous chemicals", Associated Press 2009-05-09

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