ରିକ୍ଟର ସ୍କେଲ
ଭୂମିକମ୍ପର ତୀବ୍ରତା ମାପ କରିବା ପାଇଁ ଏକ ପ୍ରକାର ସ୍କେଲ ବ୍ୟବହାର କରାଯାଏ । ଏହାକୁ ରିକ୍ଟର ସ୍କେଲ୍ କୁହାଯାଏ । ୧୯୩୫ ମସିହାରେ ଆମେରିକାର ଚାର୍ଲସ ଫ୍ରାଙ୍କିସ୍ ରିକ୍ଟର ଏହାକୁ ବାହାର କରିଥିଲେ । ଏହା "୦' ଠାରୁ ଆରମ୍ଭ କରି ୧୨ ପର୍ଯ୍ୟନ୍ତ ଭୂମିକମ୍ପ ତୀବ୍ରତାକୁ ମାପ କରିପାରେ । ଏଥିରେ ପ୍ରତିଟି ସଂଖ୍ୟା ତାହାର ପୂର୍ବ ସଂଖ୍ୟାଠାରୁ ୧୦ ଗୁଣ ଅଧିକ ହୋଇଥାଏ । ଏହି ସ୍କେଲରେ ଭୂମିକମ୍ପର ତୀବ୍ରତା ୨.୦ରୁ କମ୍ ହୋଇଥିଲେ ତାହାକୁ ଜାଣିହୁଏ ନାହିଁ । ମାତ୍ର ଏହି ସ୍କେଲରେ ଭୂମିକମ୍ପର ତୀବ୍ରତା ୫.୦ ବା ତା ଠାରୁ ଅଧିକ ହୋଇଥିଲେ ତାହା କ୍ଷୟକ୍ଷତି ଘଟାଇଥାଏ । ରିଚର ସ୍କେଲରେ ଭୂମିକମ୍ପର ତୀବ୍ରତା ୭.୦ରୁ ଅଧିକ ହେଲେ ସେହି ଭୂମିକମ୍ପ ଜନିତ କ୍ଷୟ କ୍ଷତି ଅତି ଭୟାବହ ହୋଇଥାଏ ।
ଇତିହାସ[ସମ୍ପାଦନା]
ମାପ ପଦ୍ଧତି[ସମ୍ପାଦନା]
ଉଦାହରଣ[ସମ୍ପାଦନା]
The following table lists the approximate energy equivalents in terms of TNT explosive force – though note that the earthquake energy is released underground rather than overground.[୧] Most energy from an earthquake is not transmitted to and through the surface; instead, it dissipates into the crust and other subsurface structures. In contrast, a small atomic bomb blast (see nuclear weapon yield) will not, it will simply cause light shaking of indoor items, since its energy is released above ground.
31.6227 to the power of 0 equals 1, 31.6227 to the power of 1 equals 31.6227 and 31.6227 to the power of 2 equals 1000. Therefore, an 8.0 on the Richter scale releases 31.6227 times more energy than a 7.0 and a 9.0 on the Richter scale releases 1000 times more energy than a 7.0. Thus, '"`UNIQ--postMath-00000001-QINU`"'
- Quakes using the more modern magnitude scales will denote their abbreviations: '"`UNIQ--postMath-00000030-QINU`"' and '"`UNIQ--postMath-00000031-QINU`"'. Those that have no denoted prefix are '"`UNIQ--postMath-00000032-QINU`"'. Please be advised that the magnitude "number" (example 7.0) displayed for those quakes on this table may represent a significantly greater or lesser release in energy than by the correctly given magnitude (example '"`UNIQ--postMath-00000033-QINU`"').
ଆହୁରି ଦେଖନ୍ତୁ[ସମ୍ପାଦନା]
ଆଧାର[ସମ୍ପାଦନା]
- ↑ Usgs Faqs (2014-01-15). "FAQs – Measuring Earthquakes". Earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved 2014-02-16.
- ↑ "2.1 Explosion - 1km NNE of West, Texas (BETA)". United States Geological Survey. 19 June 2013. Retrieved 18 December 2013.
- ↑ "New Zealand Earthquake Report: Magnitude 3.9, Sunday, March 17, 2013 at 4:05:42 pm (NZDT)". GeoNet. Retrieved 18 December 2013.
- ↑ Backhouse, Matthew; Theunissen, Matthew (17 March 2013). "Quake rattles Auckland". The New Zealand Herald. http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=10871821. Retrieved 18 December 2013.
- ↑ "Magnitude 5.0 – Ontario-Quebec border region, Canada". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved 2010-06-23.
- ↑ "Moderate 5.0 earthquake shakes Toronto, Eastern Canada and U.S." nationalpost.com. Retrieved 2010-06-23.
- ↑ "Past Earthquakes" (in Spanish). Servicio Sismologico Nacional. Retrieved 2 March 2013.
- ↑ "M8.1 South End of Island August 8, 1993". eeri.org. Retrieved 2011-03-11.
- ↑ "The Tsar Bomba ("King of Bombs")". Retrieved 2014-07-06.
- ↑ Petraglia, M.; R. Korisettar, N. Boivin, C. Clarkson,4 P. Ditchfield,5 S. Jones,6 J. Koshy,7 M.M. Lahr,8 C. Oppenheimer,9 D. Pyle,10 R. Roberts,11 J.-C. Schwenninger,12 L. Arnold,13 K. White. (6 July 2007). "Middle Paleolithic Assemblages from the Indian Subcontinent Before and After the Toba Super-eruption". Science 317 (5834): 114–116. doi:10.1126/science.1141564. PMID 17615356.
- ↑ Lua error in ମଡ୍ୟୁଲ:Citation/CS1 at line 3556: bad argument #1 to 'pairs' (table expected, got nil).
- ↑ Klaus, Adam; Norris, Richard D.; Kroon, Dick; Smit, Jan (2000). "Impact-induced mass wasting at the K-T boundary: Blake Nose, western North Atlantic". Geology. 28: 319–322. Bibcode:2000Geo....28..319K. doi:10.1130/0091-7613(2000)28<319:IMWATK>2.0.CO;2. ISSN 0091-7613.
- ↑ Lua error in ମଡ୍ୟୁଲ:Citation/CS1 at line 3556: bad argument #1 to 'pairs' (table expected, got nil).
- ↑ Simms, Michael J. (2003). "Uniquely extensive seismite from the latest Triassic of the United Kingdom: Evidence for bolide impact?". Geology. 31: 557–560. Bibcode:2003Geo....31..557S. doi:10.1130/0091-7613(2003)031<0557:UESFTL>2.0.CO;2. ISSN 0091-7613.
- ↑ Simkin, Tom; Robert I. Tilling; Peter R. Vogt; Stephen H. Kirby; Paul Kimberly; David B. Stewart (2006). "This dynamic planet. World map of volcanoes, earthquakes, impact craters, and plate tectonics. Inset VI. Impacting extraterrestrials scar planetary surfaces" (PDF). U.S. Geological Survey. Retrieved 2009-09-03.
ବାହାର ଲିଙ୍କ[ସମ୍ପାଦନା]
- IRIS Real-time Seismic Monitor of the Earth
- USGS: magnitude and intensity comparison
- USGS: Earthquake Magnitude Policy
- USGS: 2000–2006 Earthquakes worldwide
- USGS: 1990–1999 Earthquakes worldwide
- Alaska Railroad Earthquake with a table of yield-to-magnitude relations.
- Earthquake Energy Calculator with seismic energy approximated in everyday equivalent measures.