ଲୋରାଜେପାମ

ଲୋରାଜେପାମ
Clinical data
Trade names	ଆଟିଭାଭାନ, ଟାଭୋର, ଟେମେସ୍ଟା ଇତ୍ୟାଦି ।
Synonyms	O-Chloroxazepam, L-Lorazepam Acetate
AHFS/Drugs.com	monograph
MedlinePlus	a682053
Pregnancy; category	AU: C ; US: D (Evidence of risk) ; ;
Dependence; liability	Moderate–high
Routes of; administration	By mouth, intramuscular, intravenous, under the tongue, and transdermal
ATC code	N05BA06 (WHO) ;
Legal status
Legal status	AU: S4 (Prescription only) ; CA: Schedule IV ; DE: Anlage III (Prescription only) ; UK: Controlled Drug (Benz) POM ; US: Schedule IV ;
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	85% when taken by mouth
Metabolism	ଯକୃତ ଗ୍ଲୁକୁରୋନାଇଡେସନ
Onset of action	୧ରୁ ୫ ମିନିଟ (ଶିରାଭ୍ୟନ୍ତର), ୧୫ରୁ ୩୦ ମିନିଟ (ମାଂସପେଶୀରେ)
Elimination half-life	10–20 hours
Duration of action	12 to 24 hours
Excretion	ବୃକ୍‌କ
Identifiers
	IUPAC name 7-chloro-5-(2-chlorophenyl)-3-hydroxy-1,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one;
CAS Number	846-49-1 ;
PubChem CID	3958;
DrugBank	DB00186 ;
ChemSpider	3821 ;
UNII	O26FZP769L;
KEGG	D00365 ;
ChEMBL	CHEMBL580 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.011.534
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C15H10Cl2N2O2
Molar mass	321.2 g/mol
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
	SMILES ClC1=CC=CC=C1C2=NC(C(NC3=C2C=C(C=C3)Cl)=O)O;
	InChI InChI=1S/C15H10Cl2N2O2/c16-8-5-6-12-10(7-8)13(19-15(21)14(20)18-12)9-3-1-2-4-11(9)17/h1-7,15,21H,(H,18,20) ; Key:DIWRORZWFLOCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ;
(what is this?) (verify)

ଇଂରାଜୀ ଲିଙ୍କ

https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorazepam

ଲୋରାଜେପାମ, (ବିକ୍ରୟ ନାମ ଆଟିଭାନ), ଏକ ବେଞ୍ଜୋଡାଏଜେପିନ ଦଳର ଔଷଧ ।^[୨] ଉତ୍କଣ୍ଠା ବା ଉଦ୍‌ବେଗ ବେମାରୀ, ନିଦ୍ରାହୀନତା, ଅପସ୍ମାର ଆକ୍ରମଣ ତ‌ଥା ଅବିରାମ ଅପସ୍ମାର, କେତେକ ଅପରେଶନ (interfere with memory formation) ନିମନ୍ତେ, ଆଲକୋହୋଲ ଉଇଥଡ୍ରୟାଲ ଇତ୍ୟାଦି ରୋଗରେ ଓ ଭେଣ୍ଟିଲେସନରେ ଥିଲେ ଶମନ ବା ଶାନ୍ତ ରହିବା ନିମନ୍ତେ, କେମୋଥେରାପି ସମୟରେ ଦିଆଯାଏ ।^[୨]^[୬] ସାଇକୋମୋଟୋର ଏଜିଟେସନ (severe agitation)ରେ ଏହା ଦିଆଗଲେ ମଧ୍ୟ ମିଡାଜୋଲାମ ସାଧାରଣତଃ ଅଧିକ ପସନ୍ଦ‌ ଯୋଗ୍ୟ । କୋକେନ୍ ଗ୍ରହଣ କରୁଥିବା ଲୋକର ଆକ୍ୟୁଟ କରୋନାରି ସିଣ୍ଡ୍ରୋମ ହେଲେ ଅନ୍ୟ ଚିକିତ୍ସା ସ‌ହିତ ଏହା ଦିଆଯାଏ । ଏହା ପାଟିଏ ଖାଇବାକୁ ବା ଇଞ୍ଜେକସନ ଆକାରରେ ମାଂସପେଶୀରେ ବା ଶିରାଭ୍ୟନ୍ତରରେ ଦିଆଯାଏ । ଇଞ୍ଜେକସନ ଦେବାର ୧ରୁ ୩୦ ମିନିଟ ମଧ୍ୟରେ ଏହାର ପ୍ରଭାବ ଅନୁଭୁତ ହୁଏ ଓ ୧ ଦିନ ପର୍ଯ୍ୟନ୍ତ ରହେ ।^[୨]

ସାଧାରଣତଃ ଦୁର୍ବଳତା, ନିଦୁଆ ଭାବ, ନିମ୍ନ ରକ୍ତଚାପ ଓ କଷ୍ଟ ଦାୟକ ଶ୍ୱାସକ୍ରିୟା ଇତ୍ୟାଦି ଲକ୍ଷଣ ଦେଖାଯାଏ । ଶିରାଭ୍ୟନ୍ତ‌ରରେ ଦେଲେ ନିକଟ ପର୍ଯ୍ୟବେକ୍ଷଣ କରାଯାଏ । ଅବସାଦ ଗ୍ରସ୍ତ (depressed) ଲୋକର ଆତ୍ମହତ୍ୟା ପ୍ରବଣତା ଅଧିକ ଦେଖାଯାଏ । ଅଧିକ ଦିନ ବ୍ୟବ‌ହାର କରିବାକୁ ପଡ଼ିଲେ ସମାନ ଫଳପ୍ରଦ ହେବା ନିମନ୍ତେ ଅଧିକ ଔଷଧ ମାତ୍ରା ଆବଶ୍ୟକ ହୁଏ । ଶାରୀରିକ ନିର୍ଭରଶୀଳତା ଓ ମାନସିକ ନିର୍ଭରଶୀଳତା ଦେଖାଯାଇପାରେ । ବ‌ହୁତ ଦିନର ବ୍ୟବ‌ହାର ପରେ ହଠାତ ଔଷଧ ବନ୍ଦ କରିଦେଲେ ବେଞ୍ଜୋଡାଏଜେପିନ ଉଇଥଡ୍ରୟାଲ ସିଣ୍ଡ୍ରୋମ ହୋଇପାରେ ।^[୨] ବୟସାଧିକ ଲୋକଙ୍କଠାରେ ଏହି ଔଷଧର ହାନୀକାରକ ପ୍ରଭାବ ଦେଖାଯାଇ ପାରେ । ^[୭] ଲୋରାଜେପାମ ଗ୍ରହଣ କରୁଥିବା ବ୍ୟକ୍ତି ପଡ଼ିଯାଇ ନିତମ୍ବ ଅସ୍ଥି ଭାଙ୍ଗିଯିବା ସମ୍ଭାବନା ଅଧିକ ରହେ । ^[୮] ଏହି ସବୁ କାରଣରୁ ଲୋରାଜେପାମ ସର୍ବାଧିକ ୨ରୁ ୪ ସପ୍ତାହ ଦିଆଯାଏ । ^[୯]

ସନ ୧୯୬୩ରେ ଏହି ଔଷଧ ପେଟେଣ୍ଟ ହେବା ପରେ ସନ ୧୯୭୭ରେ ଯୁକ୍ରରାଷ୍ଟ୍ର ଆମେରିକାରେ ବିକ୍ରୟ ଆରମ୍ଭ ହୋଇଥିଲା । ^[୧୦] ଏହାର ନାମ ବିଶ୍ୱ ସ୍ୱାସ୍ଥ୍ୟ ସଂଗଠନର ଅତ୍ୟାବଶ୍ୟକୀୟ ଔଷଧ ଚିଠାରେ ଅଛି ଯାହା ମୌଳିକ ସ୍ୱାସ୍ଥ୍ୟ ସିସ୍ଟମ ନିମନ୍ତେ ଅତି ମହତ୍ତ୍ୱପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ ।^[୧୧] ଏହା ଜେନେରିକ ଔଷଧ ନାମରେ ଉପଲବ୍‌ଧ ହୁଏ ।^[୨] ବିକାଶଶୀଳ ଦେଶମାନଙ୍କରେ ଏହାର ଏକ ଡୋଜ ପାଟିରେ ଦିଆଯାଉଥିବା ଔଷଧର ମୂଲ୍ୟ ସନ ୨୦୧୪ରେ ୦.୦୨ରୁ ୦.୧୬ ଆମେରିକୀୟ ଡଲାର ଥିଲା ।^[୧୨] ସନ ୨୦୧୫ରେ ଯୁକ୍ରରାଷ୍ଟ୍ର ଆମେରିକାରେ ଏହାର ଏକ ମାସର ଖର୍ଚ୍ଚ ୨୫ ଡଲାରରୁ କମ୍ । ^[୧୩] ସନ ୨୦୧୧ରେ ୨୮ ନିୟୁତ ଲୋରାଜେପାମ ପ୍ରେସକ୍ରିପସନ ହୋଇଥିଲା ଯାହା ଆଲପ୍ରୋଜୋଲାମ ପରେ ଦ୍ୱିତୀୟ ସର୍ବାଧିକ ପ୍ରେସକ୍ରିପସନ ଔଷଧ । ^[୧୪]

ଆଧାର

↑ "LORAZEPAM". The Druge Gene Interaction Database. Archived from the original on 2016-08-05. Retrieved 2016-05-18.
↑ ^୨.୦ ^୨.୧ ^୨.୨ ^୨.୩ ^୨.୪ ^୨.୫ ^୨.୬ "Lorazepam". drugs.com. American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. June 29, 2016. Retrieved 15 July 2016.
↑ Greenblatt DJ, Shader RI, Franke K, Maclaughlin DS, Harmatz JS, Allen MD, Werner A, Woo E (1991). "Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of intravenous, intramuscular, and oral lorazepam in humans". Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 68 (1): 57–63. doi:10.1002/jps.2600680119. PMID 31453.
↑ Greenblatt DJ, von Moltke LL, Ehrenberg BL, Harmatz JS, Corbett KE, Wallace DW, Shader RI (2000). "Kinetics and dynamics of lorazepam during and after continuous intravenous infusion". Critical Care Medicine. 28 (8): 2750–2757. doi:10.1097/00003246-200008000-00011. PMID 10966246.
↑ Papini O, da Cunha SP, da Silva Mathes Ado C, Bertucci C, Moisés EC, de Barros Duarte L, de Carvalho Cavalli R, Lanchote VL (2006). "Kinetic disposition of lorazepam with a focus on the glucuronidation capacity, transplacental transfer in parturients and racemization in biological samples". Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis. 40 (2): 397–403. doi:10.1016/j.jpba.2005.07.021. PMID 16143486.
↑ "Lorazepam: MedlinePlus Drug Information". medlineplus.gov. 10/01/2010. Retrieved 16 July 2016. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
↑ Riss J, Cloyd J, Gates J, Collins S (2008). "Benzodiazepines in epilepsy: pharmacology and pharmacokinetics". Acta Neurologica Scandinavica. 118 (2): 69–86. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0404.2008.01004.x. PMID 18384456.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
↑ "Effect of hypnotic drugs on body balance and standing steadiness". Sleep Medicine Reviews. 14 (4): 259–267. 2010. doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2009.10.008. PMID 20171127. {{cite journal}}: Cite uses deprecated parameter |authors= (help)
↑ Food and Drug Administration; Wyeth Pharmaceuticals Inc, Biovail Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (March 2007). "Ativan (lorazepam) Tablets Rx only" (PDF). USA: Food and Drug Administration. In general, benzodiazepines should be prescribed for short periods only (e.g. 2–4 weeks). Extension of the treatment period should not take place without reevaluation of the need for continued therapy. Continuous long-term use of product is not recommended.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
↑ Shorter, Edward (2005). "B". A Historical Dictionary of Psychiatry. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-029201-0.
↑ "WHO Model List of EssentialMedicines" (PDF). World Health Organization. October 2013. Retrieved 22 April 2014.
↑ "Lorazepam". International Drug Price Indicator Guide. Retrieved 16 July 2016.^{[permanent dead link]}
↑ Hamilton, Richart (2015). Tarascon Pocket Pharmacopoeia 2015 Deluxe Lab-Coat Edition. Jones & Bartlett Learning. p. 437. ISBN 9781284057560.
↑ "Benzodiazepines (Street Names: Benzos, Downers, Nerve Pills, Tranks)" (PDF). Jan 2013. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 June 2016. Retrieved 16 July 2016.

ବାହାର ଲିଙ୍କ

[1] "LORAZEPAM". The Druge Gene Interaction Database. Archived from the original on 2016-08-05. Retrieved 2016-05-18.

[AHSP2016-2] ୨.୦ ^୨.୧ ^୨.୨ ^୨.୩ ^୨.୪ ^୨.୫ ^୨.୬ "Lorazepam". drugs.com. American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. June 29, 2016. Retrieved 15 July 2016.

[3] Greenblatt DJ, Shader RI, Franke K, Maclaughlin DS, Harmatz JS, Allen MD, Werner A, Woo E (1991). "Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of intravenous, intramuscular, and oral lorazepam in humans". Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 68 (1): 57–63. doi:10.1002/jps.2600680119. PMID 31453.

[4] Greenblatt DJ, von Moltke LL, Ehrenberg BL, Harmatz JS, Corbett KE, Wallace DW, Shader RI (2000). "Kinetics and dynamics of lorazepam during and after continuous intravenous infusion". Critical Care Medicine. 28 (8): 2750–2757. doi:10.1097/00003246-200008000-00011. PMID 10966246.

[kineticracemization-5] Papini O, da Cunha SP, da Silva Mathes Ado C, Bertucci C, Moisés EC, de Barros Duarte L, de Carvalho Cavalli R, Lanchote VL (2006). "Kinetic disposition of lorazepam with a focus on the glucuronidation capacity, transplacental transfer in parturients and racemization in biological samples". Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis. 40 (2): 397–403. doi:10.1016/j.jpba.2005.07.021. PMID 16143486.

[6] "Lorazepam: MedlinePlus Drug Information". medlineplus.gov. 10/01/2010. Retrieved 16 July 2016. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)

[Riss-2008-7] Riss J, Cloyd J, Gates J, Collins S (2008). "Benzodiazepines in epilepsy: pharmacology and pharmacokinetics". Acta Neurologica Scandinavica. 118 (2): 69–86. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0404.2008.01004.x. PMID 18384456.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[Mets-2010-8] "Effect of hypnotic drugs on body balance and standing steadiness". Sleep Medicine Reviews. 14 (4): 259–267. 2010. doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2009.10.008. PMID 20171127. {{cite journal}}: Cite uses deprecated parameter |authors= (help)

[Altrx2007-9] Food and Drug Administration; Wyeth Pharmaceuticals Inc, Biovail Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (March 2007). "Ativan (lorazepam) Tablets Rx only" (PDF). USA: Food and Drug Administration. In general, benzodiazepines should be prescribed for short periods only (e.g. 2–4 weeks). Extension of the treatment period should not take place without reevaluation of the need for continued therapy. Continuous long-term use of product is not recommended.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[10] Shorter, Edward (2005). "B". A Historical Dictionary of Psychiatry. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-029201-0.

[11] "WHO Model List of EssentialMedicines" (PDF). World Health Organization. October 2013. Retrieved 22 April 2014.

[12] "Lorazepam". International Drug Price Indicator Guide. Retrieved 16 July 2016.^{[permanent dead link]}

[Ric2015-13] Hamilton, Richart (2015). Tarascon Pocket Pharmacopoeia 2015 Deluxe Lab-Coat Edition. Jones & Bartlett Learning. p. 437. ISBN 9781284057560.

[14] "Benzodiazepines (Street Names: Benzos, Downers, Nerve Pills, Tranks)" (PDF). Jan 2013. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 June 2016. Retrieved 16 July 2016.

[୧]

[୨]

[୩]

[୪]

[୫]

[୬]

[୭]

[୮]

[୯]

[୧୦]

[୧୧]

[୧୨]

[୧୩]

[୧୪]