ପୌଲା ଭାଷା
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| ପୌଲା ଭାଷା | |
|---|---|
| ପୌମାଇ | |
| Native to | ମଣିପୁର, ନାଗାଲାଣ୍ଡ |
| ଜାତିସତ୍ତା | ପୌମାଇ ନାଗା |
ମାତୃଭାଷୀ | ପ୍ରକାଶନରେ ଅସୁବିଧା: ଅଜଣା ଚିହ୍ନ "୨" ।e25 |
ଚୀନ-ତିବ୍ଦତୀୟ
| |
| ଭାଷା କୋଡ୍ | |
| ISO ୬୩୯-୩ | pmx |
| ଗ୍ଲୋଟୋଲୋଗ | poum1235 |
ପୌଲା ଭାଷା ଏକ ଭାରତୀୟ ଭାଷା ଅଟେ । is an Angami-Pochuri language that is predominantly spoken by the Poumai Naga people in Senapati district in Manipur and Phek district in Nagaland, India. The language of Chingjaroi is also closely related to Poula but is distinct. A descriptive grammar of Poula is available.[୧]
Grammar
[ସମ୍ପାଦନା]Phonology
[ସମ୍ପାଦନା]The phonology of Poula lacks syllable codas and also disallows consonant clusters in onset position. There are 25 consonant phonemes in Poula.
Consonants
[ସମ୍ପାଦନା]| Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive | voiceless | p | t | c | k | |
| voiced | pʰ | tʰ | cʰ | kʰ | ||
| aspirated | b | d | g | |||
| Nasal | plain | m | n | ŋ | ||
| aspirated | Error using {{IPA symbol}}: "ŋ̊ʰ" not found in list | |||||
| Fricative | voiceless | s | ɕ | h | ||
| voiced | ʑ | |||||
| Affricate | voiceless | tɕ | ||||
| voiced | dʑ | |||||
| Approximant | ʋ | j | ||||
| Liquid | rhotic | ɾ | ||||
| lateral | l | |||||
Vowels
[ସମ୍ପାଦନା]There are six vowel phonemes in Poula.
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| High | i y | (u) | |
| Mid | e | ə | o |
| Low | a |
In Poula, the phoneme /ə/ is written with the grapheme 'ü' (now, many use it as 'ii') in Bible and Hymns which was devised by Bible Society of India. In addition Poula lacks high back round vowel [u] as a monophthong,[୩] but [u] is present in nexus of diphthong; for example pou [pəu] `father'.
Tones
[ସମ୍ପାଦନା]Poula is a tonal language, however tone is not currently marked in the orthography. There are four tonemes in Poula.[୨]
| Word | Tone | Gloss |
|---|---|---|
| /na˥/ | High-falling | 'baby' |
| /na˦/ | Mid-Rising | 'later' |
| /na˧/ | Mid | 'things' |
| /na˩/ | Low | 'paint' |
Poula is an extremely innovative language–unlike Kuki-Chin languages–for having simple morphology.[୪]
Morphology
[ସମ୍ପାଦନା]Nouns and verbs are the two content word classes. There are no ‘adjective’ and ‘adverbs’ words classes, however nominalized verbs may modify nouns and non-finite converbial verbs may modify verbs. There several functional words found.[୫]
ଆଧାର
[ସମ୍ପାଦନା]- ↑ Veikho, Sahiinii Lemaina (2019). "A Grammar of Poumai Naga". University of Bern, Switzerland: PhD Dissertation.
- ↑ ୨.୦ ୨.୧ Veikho, Sahiinii Lemaina; Khyriem, Barika (2015). "Poula phonetics and phonology: An initial overview". North East Indian Linguistics. 7: 47–62.
- ↑ Veikho, Sahiinii Lemaina; Sarmah, Priyankoo (2018). "Vowels and tones in Poula". Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area. 41 (1): 22–45. doi:10.1075/ltba.16022.lem. S2CID 69460833.
- ↑ Veikho, Sahiinii Lemaina (2019). "A Grammar of Poumai Naga". University of Bern, Switzerland: PhD Dissertation.
- ↑ Veikho, Sahiinii Lemaina (2019). "A Grammar of Poumai Naga". University of Bern, Switzerland: PhD Dissertation.
ବାହାର ଲିଙ୍କ
[ସମ୍ପାଦନା]- Poumai Naga Language Resource collection of Poumai Naga (Poula) language documentation in the Computational Resource for South Asian Languages (CoRSAL) archive