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ଉଇକିପିଡ଼ିଆ‌ରୁ

{{Speciesbox}} is one of the automated taxobox templates used to generate a taxobox automatically. (ଫେବୃଆରୀ 2019, there were 8 such templates.) It's part of the "automated taxobox system", and is used for taxa (groups of organisms) at the rank of species (excluding viruses). The pages linked in the navigation box provide information on different parts of the system.

Note: If you are a new user, it's a good idea to read the automated taxobox system introduction first; in particular to be sure that you are using the right automated taxobox.

This template is used to display a taxobox for a species whose parent's taxonomy is stored in taxonomy templates. A requirement is that the name of the species is displayed as a simple binomial (i.e. in the form Genus species). In a few special cases, the name of the species is displayed differently (as for example at Halictus? savenyei), when {{Automatic taxobox}} is used.

Note that the Speciesbox template does not require or make use of a taxonomy template for the species; it only uses the taxonomy template for the parent taxon, normally the genus.

Usage is basically the same as {{Automatic taxobox}} (with a few variations noted below).

There are five main cases to consider in using this template:

If the article is about a species whose binomial and genus name are both straightforward (e.g., no rank between the species and its genus, no hybrid symbol, no parenthesized disambiguation in the genus name), then the minimum requirement is to specify the taxon parameter:[note ୧]

  • |taxon=name of the species without any formatting (e.g. Quercus major, Lobatus gigas)
(Alternatively you can use the genus and species parameters separately – this is different from {{Automatic taxobox}}:
  • |genus=name of the genus without any formatting (e.g. Quercus, Lobatus)
  • |species=specific epithet or name without any formatting (e.g. major, gigas)
This slightly reduces the processing needed.)

If necessary, you can also use:

  • |subgenus=link to subgenus – deprecated, use |parent=see below

It's not necessary to include {{italic title}} in the article; this will be added automatically by the Speciesbox template if needed.

For more complicated cases, see the other sections below.

Simple examples

[ସମ୍ପାଦନା]
  • Page at the binomial name; displayed taxobox to have the binomial name as its title, e.g. Lobatus gigas.
{{Speciesbox
| taxon = Lobatus gigas --recommended [note ୧]
| authority = (Linnaeus, 1758) --optional; this is the authority for the binomial (species) name
... --other optional parameters, e.g. for an image
}}
Alternatively, use separate parameters for the genus name and the specific name/epithet.
{{Speciesbox
| genus = Lobatus
| species = gigas
| authority = (Linnaeus, 1758) --optional; this is the authority for the binomial (species) name
... --other optional parameters, e.g. for an image
}}
  • Page at the binomial name; displayed taxobox to have the common name as its title, e.g. Allium moly.
{{Speciesbox
| name = Golden garlic --required if title of taxobox ≠ taxon name
| taxon = Allium moly
| authority = L. --optional; this is the authority for the binomial (species) name
... --other optional parameters, e.g. for an image
}}
  • Page at the common name; displayed taxobox to have the same common name as its title, e.g. Lily of the valley.
{{Speciesbox
| name = Lily of the valley --optional (defaults to page title)
| taxon = Convallaria majalis --essential
... --other optional parameters, e.g. for an image
}}

Extinct species

[ସମ୍ପାଦନା]

If the genus is extinct, the extinct status will be picked up automatically from the taxonomy template for the genus, and a † placed before the species name in the taxobox.

If the species is extinct, but the genus is not, then to achieve the same effect, use one of

  • |extinct=yes (true is also accepted)
  • |extinct=DATE – for recently extinct species, such as the Dodo, to show when it became extinct.

Hybrid botanical species

[ସମ୍ପାଦନା]

The hybrid sign, ×, should not be italicized, whereas the rest of the binomial should be. The example below shows how to achieve the desired effect. In this case, the single taxon parameter can't be used.

{{Speciesbox
| genus = Polygonatum
| species = × hybridum
| ...
}}

Notes:

  • The × character is available in the list under the edit text box. Alternatively, use ×. (If you use {{hybrid}}, the automatic italicization of the article title won't work.)
  • In the article body, you can either use ''Polygonatum'' × ''hybridum'', ''Polygonatum'' × ''hybridum''or ''Polygonatum {{hybrid}} hybridum'' to obtain the correct italicization.

Genus names duplicated across kingdoms

[ସମ୍ପାଦନା]

A special case is where the name of the genus is duplicated in different kingdoms, e.g. Acanthocarpus, which is used for a plant and a crab. The taxonomy template for the plant has to be at Template:Taxonomy/Acanthocarpus (plant) to allow there to be a separate page at "Template:Taxonomy/Acanthocarpus (crab)". Consider the page Acanthocarpus preissii. The taxobox has to be set up in this way:

{{Speciesbox
| genus   = Acanthocarpus (plant)
| species = preissii
| ...
}}

The corresponding taxonomy template for the genus, Template:Taxonomy/Acanthocarpus (plant), contains the line:

| link = Acanthocarpus (plant)|Acanthocarpus

to ensure that wikilinks are to "Acanthocarpus (plant)" whereas the displayed genus name is "Acanthocarpus".

Note that this approach is only necessary when the disambiguation is needed because genus names are duplicated across kingdoms.

Monospecific genera

[ସମ୍ପାଦନା]

Another special case is where the article is about a genus with only one species. The article will be at the genus name, but the final taxon to be displayed in the taxobox should be the species. An example is Aphyllanthes, with the sole species Aphyllanthes monspeliensis.

{{Speciesbox
|taxon = Aphyllanthes monspeliensis
|parent_authority = L. --authority for genus
|authority = L. --authority for binomial (i.e. the species)
|... --other optional parameters
}}

The use of the Speciesbox template with the taxon parameter set to the species name ensures that the taxobox ends with the binomial name even though the page title is the genus name. The mediawiki software automatically replaces the generated wikilink [[Aphyllanthes]] by bold text since it goes to the same page. In this case we want to display the authority for both the species and the genus, since there is no other article. The parameters parent_authority, grandparent_authority, etc. are the way to display authorities up the classification hierarchy.

Parent taxon is not the genus

[ସମ୍ପାଦନା]

By default, the Speciesbox template uses the genus name as the name of the parent taxon. If this is not the case, because the parent taxon is at a rank between the species and its genus, such as subgenus or botanical section, then use:

  • |parent=parent_taxon

"Template:Taxonomy/parent_taxon" must then exist. Conventions for the name of a taxonomy template at a rank between species and genus include:

Thus if a zoological subgenus is to be shown, then the taxobox is set up in this way:

{{Speciesbox
| name = House mouse
| parent = Mus (Mus)
| taxon = Mus musculus
| ...
}}

Nonstandard formatting

[ସମ୍ପାଦନା]

In some exceptional cases the values shown for the species name and the binomial may require some non-standard formatting. A "binomial" with more than two "words", non-alphabetic characters other than a hyphen, or a need to leave some elements of the name unitalicized require nonstandard formatting. These cases are handled by {{Automatic taxobox}}, not Speciesbox. Examples of exceptional cases include: provisional names for undescribed species (e.g. Quassia sp. 'Mount Nardi', where the provisional name should not be italicized), and uncertain genus placement (which may be specified with a ? as in Halictus? savenyei, or with "" as in "Colostethus" poecilonotus.

Italicizing the article title

[ସମ୍ପାଦନା]

The template can normally determine whether the page title matches the species or the genus in the taxobox, and if so outputs {{italic title}}, so usually it is not necessary to add this template. In a very few cases the automatic italicization will be wrong (e.g. if the article is at the English name and this is the same as the genus name). Automatic italicization can be over-ridden by setting |italic_title=no.

Requirement for correct display

[ସମ୍ପାଦନା]

The template will generate a taxobox which will display correctly only if the taxonomy for the genus (or |parent=) has already been created (i.e. "Template:Taxonomy/genusname" or "Template:Taxonomy/parent" already exists). If it does not, you will be asked to create it. One way is to look for the "fix" link and open it.

  1. ୧.୦ ୧.୧ If the taxon or genus/species parameters are omitted, the template will try to use the page title as the taxon name. This is deprecated, since it is not self-documenting, so is confusing to editors not familiar with the template, and causes problems if the page is moved.
This is the TemplateData for this template used by TemplateWizard, VisualEditor and other tools. See a monthly parameter usage report for Template:Speciesbox in articles based on its TemplateData.

TemplateData for Speciesbox

An infobox for species of organisms where {{tl|Automatic taxobox}} is used at the genus and higher ranks

Template parameters

This template prefers block formatting of parameters.

ParameterDescriptionTypeStatus
color_ascolor_as

Taxon defining the taxobox color if needed (normally not)

Example
Animalia
Stringoptional
italic_titleitalic_title

Specifiying "no" suppresses italicization of page title. Used only when a scientific name is identical to a vernacular name.

Example
no
Unknownoptional
namename

Title of the taxobox; may be the English name of the group

Stringoptional
fossil_rangefossil_range

The geologic time span during which the group is generally known to have existed, given in eras; the template {{Fossil range}} is the most common method of presenting this information

Example
{{Fossil range|Middle Triassic|Present}}
Templateoptional
imageimage

An image of member of the species, given without the File: or Image: prefix and without double brackets

Example
Argopecten irradians.jpg
Filesuggested
image_widthimage_width

no description

Stringdeprecated
image_uprightimage_upright

Used to adjust the displayed size of an image with an extreme aspect ratio. Values under 1.0 decrease the size of an image (most useful for very tall, narrow images) Values over 1.0 increase the size of an image (possibly useful for short, wide images)

Example
0.8
Numberoptional
image_altimage_alt

Text describing what is depicted in the image

Stringoptional
image_captionimage_caption

A caption for the image, if any is necessary. Do not simply repeat the name of the taxon

Stringoptional
image2image2

An second image of a member of the species, given without the File: or Image: prefix and without double brackets. It is desirable to display images of both sexes of sexually dimorphic species.

Fileoptional
image2_widthimage2_width

no description

Stringdeprecated
image2_uprightimage2_upright

Used to adjust the displayed size of an image with an extreme aspect ratio. Values under 1.0 decrease the size of an image (most useful for very tall, narrow images) Values over 1.0 increase the size of an image (possibly useful for short, wide images)

Example
0.8
Numberoptional
image2_altimage2_alt

Text describing what is depicted in the second image

Stringoptional
image2_captionimage2_caption

A caption for the second image, if any is necessary. Do not simply repeat the name of the taxon

Stringoptional
statusstatus

The conservation status of the taxon as assigned by a particular authority

Example
LC
Stringoptional
status_systemstatus_system

The authority assigning a particular conservation status

Example
IUCN3.1
Stringoptional
status_refstatus_ref

A citation that supports the displayed status and status_system parameters

Unknownoptional
status2status2

The conservation status of the taxon as assigned by a second particular authority

Example
LE
Stringoptional
status2_systemstatus2_system

The second authority assigning a particular conservation status

Example
ESA
Stringoptional
status2_refstatus2_ref

A citation that supports the displayed status2 and status2_system parameters

Stringoptional
extinctextinct

The date a species was declared extinct (specifying |status=EX is required in order for the date to display). Alternatively, if a non-numeric value is given, displays † to indicate that a species is extinct

Example
1066
Unknownoptional
classification_statusclassification_status

The status of the scientific group, usually presented as either Disputed or Accepted

Example
Disputed
Stringoptional
greatgreatgrandparent_authoritygreatgreatgrandparent_authority

The describing authority for the greatgreatgrandparent taxon of a species. Should only be specified when the greatgreatgrandparent, greatgrandparent, grandparent and parent taxa are monotypic

Stringoptional
greatgrandparent_authoritygreatgrandparent_authority

The describing authority for the greatgrandparent taxon of a species. Should only be specified when the greatgrandparent taxon is monotypic

Stringoptional
grandparent_authoritygrandparent_authority

The describing authority for the grandparent taxon of a species. Should only be specified when the grandparent taxon is monotypic

Stringoptional
parent_authorityparent_authority

The describing authority for the parent taxon of a species. Should only be specified when the parent taxon is monotypic

Stringoptional
display_parentsdisplay_parents

The number of parent taxa to be displayed above the one specified by the taxon parameter; not normally needed

Example
3
Numberoptional
taxontaxon

Scientific name (binomial) of the species with no formatting; a entry point into the taxonomic hierarchy. Alternatively, |genus and |species can be used (and are required in some cases)

Example
Homo sapiens
Stringoptional
genusgenus

Scientific name of the genus with no formatting; a entry point into the taxonomic hierarchy. Used in conjuction with |species Alternatively, |taxon may be used instead of |genus and |species (but |taxon will not function properly when a genus requires parenthetical disambiguation)

Example
Homo
Stringoptional
subgenussubgenus

The subgenus containing a particular species. Any formatting or link mark-up must be manually added. Does not require a taxonomy template. An alternative to the |parent parameter

Stringoptional
parentparent

The immediate infrageneric parent taxon containing a particular species, with no formatting. Requires a taxonomy template. An alternative to the |subgenus parameter in the case of subgenera (but the only way to display other infrageneric ranks such as section)

Stringoptional
speciesspecies

Scientific name (species epithet) of the species with no formatting; used in conjunction with |genus. Alternatively, |taxon may be used instead of |genus and |species (but |taxon will not function properly when a genus requires parenthetical disambiguation)

Example
sapiens
Stringoptional
authorityauthority

The describing authority for the species in the appropriate format, which differs between nomenclature codes; presence or absence of parentheses is meaningful

Example
Wilkes, 1810 – animal; (L.) Mill. – plant
Stringsuggested
type_straintype_strain

The name of a strain that was used to define a bacteria species

Stringoptional
subdivision_rankssubdivision_ranks

The name of the next lowest rank(s) in the taxonomic hierarchy

Stringoptional
subdivision_refsubdivision_ref

A reference supporting the subdivisions shown in the list

Unknownoptional
subdivisionsubdivision

A list of taxa at the next lowest rank(s) in the taxonomic hiearchy. When there are many (10+) taxa at the lower rank, they should be displayed in the body of the article, not the taxobox

Stringoptional
range_maprange_map

The name of the image file, if any, showing the species' geographic habitat range, without the File: or Image: prefix and without double brackets

Fileoptional
range_map_widthrange_map_width

no description

Stringdeprecated
range_map_uprightrange_map_upright

Used to adjust the displayed size of a range map. May be useful when the range map has an extreme aspect ratio (use values <1 for tall/narrow range maps, and >1 for short/wide range maps). May also be necessary if an image_upright parameter is specified

Example
0.8
Numberoptional
range_map_altrange_map_alt

Text describing the range depicted in the map

Example
Map of Africa, with shading indicating the species occurs in the eastern part of the island of Madagascar
Stringoptional
range_map_captionrange_map_caption

A caption for the range map, if any is necessary

Stringoptional
range_map2range_map2

The name of a second image file, if any, showing the species' geographic habitat range, without the File: or Image: prefix and without double brackets. Mostly useful when a species has a narrow range, in order to display maps at different scale

Fileoptional
range_map2_widthrange_map2_width

no description

Stringdeprecated
range_map2_uprightrange_map2_upright

Used to adjust the displayed size of a second range map. May be useful when the range map has an extreme aspect ratio (use values <1 for tall/narrow range maps, and >1 for short/wide range maps). May also be necessary if an image_upright parameter is specified

Example
0.8
Numberoptional
range_map2_altrange_map2_alt

Text describing the range depicted in the second map

Example
Map of Madagascar, with shading indicating the species occurs in the eastern part of the island
Stringoptional
range_map2_captionrange_map2_caption

A caption for the second range map, if any is necessary

Stringoptional
synonymssynonyms

Taxonomic synonyms. These should be displayed in a collapsed list format if there are many of them.

Unknownoptional
synonyms_refsynonyms_ref

A reference supporting the synonymy shown in the list

Unknownoptional