ଉଇକିପିଡ଼ିଆ:ଭିଡିଓୱିକି/ଉଚ୍ଚ ରକ୍ତଚାପ ନିମନ୍ତେ ଆଧାର ଦେଖିବେ

==ଉପକ୍ରମ==
ଉଚ୍ଚ ରକ୍ତଚାପ ଏକ ଦୀର୍ଘକାଳୀନ ରୋଗ ଯେଉଁଥିରେ ଧମନୀ ଭିତର ରକ୍ତଚାପ ସ୍ଥାୟୀ ଭାବରେ ଅଧିକ ରହେ । <ref name=Nai2014>{{cite book|last1=Naish|first1=Jeannette|last2=Court|first2=Denise Syndercombe|title=Medical sciences|date=2014|isbn=9780702052491|page=562|edition=2|url={{Google books|K21_AwAAQBAJ|page=PA562|keywords=|text=|plainurl=yes}}|url-status=live}}</ref>

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==ରୋଗାନୁଶୀଳନ==
ଏହା ଏକ ଅତି ସାଧାରଣ ରୋଗ ଯାହା ପ୍ରାୟ ୧୬ରୁ ୩୭% ଲୋକଙ୍କର ଥାଏ ।  <ref name=Lancet2015/> ସନ ୨୦୧୦ରେ ଏହି ରୋଗରେ ପ୍ରାୟ ୯.୪ ନିୟୁତ ଲୋକ ପ୍ରାଣ ହରେଇଥିଲେ । <ref name=Camp2015>{{cite journal|last1=Campbell|first1=NR|last2=Lackland|first2=DT|last3=Lisheng|first3=L|last4=Niebylski|first4=ML|last5=Nilsson|first5=PM|last6=Zhang|first6=XH|title=Using the Global Burden of Disease study to assist development of nation-specific fact sheets to promote prevention and control of hypertension and reduction in dietary salt: a resource from the World Hypertension League.|journal=Journal of Clinical Hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.)|date=March 2015|volume=17|issue=3|pages=165–67|pmid=25644474|doi=10.1111/jch.12479}}</ref>

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==ଲକ୍ଷଣ ଓ ସଙ୍କଟ==
ଉଚ୍ଚ ରକ୍ତଚାପ ରୋଗରେ ସ୍ୱାଭାବିକ ଭାବରେ କୌଣସି ଲକ୍ଷଣ ଦେଖାଯାଏ ନାହିଁ<ref name=CDC2015>{{cite web|title=High Blood Pressure Fact Sheet|url=https://www.cdc.gov/dhdsp/data_statistics/fact_sheets/fs_bloodpressure.htm|website=CDC|accessdate=6 March 2016|date=February 19, 2015|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306125631/http://www.cdc.gov/dhdsp/data_statistics/fact_sheets/fs_bloodpressure.htm|archivedate=6 March 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref> କିନ୍ତୁ ଏହି ରୋଗ ଯୋଗୁ [[କରୋନାରୀ ଧମନୀ ରୋଗ]], [[ଷ୍ଟ୍ରୋକ]], [[ହୃଦ୍‌ପାତ]], [[ଆଟ୍ରିଆଲ ଫିବ୍ରିଲେସନ]], ପରିସରୀୟ ଧମନୀ ରୋଗ, ଦୃଷ୍ଟି ହାନୀ, [[କ୍ରନିକ ବୃକ୍‌କ ରୋଗ]] ଓ [[ଡିମେନ୍ସିଆ]] ଇତ୍ୟାଦି ରୋଗମାନଙ୍କର ସଙ୍କଟ ସୃଷ୍ଟି ହୁଏ ।<ref name=Lack2015>{{cite journal|last1=Lackland|first1=DT|last2=Weber|first2=MA|title=Global burden of cardiovascular disease and stroke: hypertension at the core.|journal=The Canadian Journal of Cardiology|date=May 2015|volume=31|issue=5|pages=569–71|pmid=25795106|doi=10.1016/j.cjca.2015.01.009}}</ref><ref name=WHO2011>{{cite book|last1=Mendis|first1=Shanthi|last2=Puska|first2=Pekka|last3=Norrving|first3=Bo|title=Global atlas on cardiovascular disease prevention and control|date=2011|publisher=World Health Organization in collaboration with the World Heart Federation and the World Stroke Organization|location=Geneva|isbn=9789241564373|page=38|edition=1st|url=http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2011/9789241564373_eng.pdf?ua=1|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140817123106/http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2011/9789241564373_eng.pdf?ua=1|archivedate=17 August 2014|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name="Hernandorena2017">{{cite journal|last1=Hernandorena|first1=I|last2=Duron|first2=E|last3=Vidal|first3=JS|last4=Hanon|first4=O|title=Treatment options and considerations for hypertensive patients to prevent dementia|journal=Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy|date=July 2017|volume=18|issue=10|pages=989–1000|doi=10.1080/14656566.2017.1333599|pmid=28532183|type=Review}}</ref><ref name="Lau2017">{{cite journal|last1=Lau|first1=DH|last2=Nattel|first2=S|last3=Kalman|first3=JM|last4=Sanders|first4=P|title=Modifiable Risk Factors and Atrial Fibrillation|journal=Circulation|date=August 2017|volume=136|issue=6|pages=583–96|doi=10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.023163|pmid=28784826|type=Review}}</ref>

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==ବର୍ଗୀକରଣ==
ଉଚ୍ଚ ରକ୍ତଚାପ ଦୁଇ ପ୍ରକାର ଅଛି ଯଥା:- ପ୍ରାଥମିକ ଓ ଆନୁସଙ୍ଗିକ ।<ref name=Lancet2015/> ପ୍ରଥମିକ ରକ୍ତଚାପକୁ ଏସେନସିଆଲ ହାଇପରଟେନସିନ ମଧ୍ୟ କୁହାଯାଏ ।

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==କାରଣ==
ସମୁଦାୟ ଉଚ୍ଚ ରକ୍ତଚାପ ରୋଗୀଙ୍କ ମଧ୍ୟରୁ ୯୦ରୁ ୯୫% ପ୍ରାଥମିକ ଧରଣର ରୋଗୀ । ଏହି ରୋଗ ଅନିର୍ଦ୍ଦିଷ୍ଟ ଜୀବନ‌ଚର୍ଯ୍ୟା ଓ ଜେନେଟିକ ବା ଆନୁବଂଶିକ କାରଣରୁ ହୁଏ । <ref name=Lancet2015/><ref name="pmid10645931">{{cite journal |author=Carretero OA, Oparil S |title=Essential hypertension. Part I: definition and etiology |journal=Circulation |volume=101 |issue=3 |pages=329–35 |date=January 2000 |pmid=10645931 |url=http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/101/3/329.long |doi=10.1161/01.CIR.101.3.329 |last2=Oparil |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120212030530/http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/101/3/329.long |archivedate=12 February 2012 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> 

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===ଅଧିକାଂଶ ସାଧାରଣ କାରଣ===
ଧୁମ‌ପାନ, ଅଧିକ ଓଜନ, ଖାଦ୍ୟରେ ଅତ୍ୟଧିକ ଲୁଣ ଓ ଅତ୍ୟଧିକ ମଦ୍ୟପାନ ଭଳି ଜୀବନ‌ଚର୍ଯ୍ୟା ଯୋଗୁ ପ୍ରାଥମିକ ଉଚ୍ଚ ରକ୍ତଚାପ
ସଙ୍କଟ ସୃଷ୍ଟି ହୁଏ । <ref name=CDC2015/><ref name=Lancet2015/> 

[[File:Hypertension.jpg|100px|left]]
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===ସ୍ୱଳ୍ପ ସାଧାରଣ କାରଣ===
ବଳକା ୫ରୁ ୧୦% ରୋଗୀ ଆନୁସଙ୍ଗିକ କାରଣରୁ ହୁଏ ଯେପରିକି ଜନ୍ମ ନିରୋଧ ବଟିକା, ସ୍ଥାୟୀ ବୃକ୍‌କ ରୋଗ, ସଙ୍କୁଚିତ ବୃକ୍‌କ ଧମନୀ ଓ ଥାଇରଏଡିଜ୍ମ ଭଳି ଅନ୍ତଃସ୍ରାବୀ ରୋଗ କାରଣରୁ ହୋଇଥାଏ ।<ref name=Lancet2015/>

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==ରୋଗ ନିର୍ଣ୍ଣୟ==
ଦୁଇଟି ମାପରେ ରକ୍ତଚାପ ବ୍ୟକ୍ତ କରାଯାଏ । ସର୍ବାଧିକ ସଂଖ୍ୟା ମାପକୁ ସିସ୍ଟୋଲିକ ଓ ସର୍ବ ନିମ୍ନ ସଂଖ୍ୟା ମାପକୁ ଡାଏସ୍ଟୋଲିକ ରକ୍ତଚାପ କୁହାଯାଏ । <ref name=CDC2015/> 

[[File:Hypertension-graphic-without-numbers.gif|100px|left]]
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===ସ୍ୱାଭାବିକ ପଠନ===
ଉଦାହରଣ ସ୍ୱରୂପ ମଣିଷ ବିଶ୍ରାମ ଅବସ୍ଥାରେ ଥିଲେ ୧୨୦/ ୮୦ ମିମି ପାରଦକୁ ସାଧାରଣ ବୋଲି ଧରାଯାଏ । <ref name="EU2013">{{cite journal|last = Giuseppe|first = Mancia|title = 2013 ESH/ESC Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension: The Task Force for the management of arterial hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) and of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC)|journal = European Heart Journal|date = July 2013|volume = 34|issue = 28|pages = 2159–219|pmid = 23771844|doi = 10.1093/eurheartj/eht151|first2 = R|last3 = Narkiewicz|first3 = K|last4 = Redon|first4 = J|last5 = Zanchetti|first5 = A|last6 = Bohm|first6 = M|last7 = Christiaens|first7 = T|last8 = Cifkova|first8 = R|last9 = De Backer|first9 = G|last10 = Dominiczak|first10 = A|last11 = Galderisi|first11 = M|last12 = Grobbee|first12 = DE|last13 = Jaarsma|first13 = T|last14 = Kirchhof|first14 = P|last15 = Kjeldsen|first15 = SE|last16 = Laurent|first16 = S|last17 = Manolis|first17 = AJ|last18 = Nilsson|first18 = PM|last19 = Ruilope|first19 = LM|last20 = Schmieder|first20 = RE|last21 = Sirnes|first21 = PA|last22 = Sleight|first22 = P|last23 = Viigimaa|first23 = M|last24 = Waeber|first24 = B|last25 = Zannad|first25 = F|last26 = Redon|first26 = J|last27 = Dominiczak|first27 = A|last28 = Narkiewicz|first28 = K|last29 = Nilsson|first29 = PM|last30 = Burnier|first30 = M|last2 = Fagard|display-authors = 29}}</ref>

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===ସାଧାରଣ ମାପ===
ଯୁବାବସ୍ଥାରେ ବିଶ୍ରାମ ସମୟରେ ଅଧିକାଂଶ ଲୋକଙ୍କର ୧୦୦ରୁ ୧୩୦ ସିସ୍ଟୋଲିକ ଓ ୬୦ରୁ ୮୦ ଡାଏସ୍ଟୋଲିକ ମିମି ପାରଦକୁ ସାଧାରଣ ରକ୍ତଚାପ ଭାବରେ ଧରାଯାଏ । <ref name=AHA2017>{{cite journal|url=https://hyper.ahajournals.org/content/early/2017/11/10/HYP.0000000000000065.full.pdf|author= Paul Whelton|display-authors=etal|title=2017 ACC/AHA/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/AGS/APhA/ASH/ASPC/NMA/PCNA Guideline for the Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Management of High Blood Pressure in Adults|journal=Hypertension|volume= 71|issue= 6|date=13 November 2017|pages=e13–e115|doi=10.1161/HYP.0000000000000065|pmid=29133356}}</ref>

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===ଉଚ୍ଚ ରକ୍ତଚାପର ମାପ===
ବିଶ୍ରାମ ସମୟରେ ସିସ୍ଟୋଲିକ/ ଡାଏସ୍ଟୋଲିକ ମାପ ଲଗାତାର ୧୩୦/ ୮୦ ବା ୧୪୦/୯୦ ମିମି ପାରଦରୁ ଉପରେ ରହିଲେ ଉଚ୍ଚ ରକ୍ତଚାପ ନିର୍ଣ୍ଣୟ କରାଯାଏ । <ref name=Lancet2015/><ref name=AHA2017/> ଅନ୍ୟ ପକ୍ଷରେ ବ‌ୟସ ଓ ଆକାର ଅନୁସାରେ ପିଲାଙ୍କର ସାଧାରଣ ରକ୍ତଚାପ ଏହାଠାରୁ ଭିନ୍ନ ହୁଏ । <ref name=JNC8>{{Cite journal  |last1 = James|first1 = PA.|last2 = Oparil|first2 = S.|last3 = Carter|first3 = BL.|last4 = Cushman|first4 = WC.|last5 = Dennison-Himmelfarb|first5 = C.|last6 = Handler|first6 = J.|last7 = Lackland|first7 = DT.|last8 = Lefevre|first8 = ML.|last9 = Mackenzie|first9 = TD.|last10 = Ogedegbe|first10 = Olugbenga|last11 = Smith|first11 = Sidney C.|last12 = Svetkey|first12 = Laura P.|last13 = Taler|first13 = Sandra J.|last14 = Townsend|first14 = Raymond R.|last15 = Wright|first15 = Jackson T.|last16 = Narva|first16 = Andrew S.|last17 = Ortiz|first17 = Eduardo|title = 2014 Evidence-Based Guideline for the Management of High Blood Pressure in Adults: Report From the Panel Members Appointed to the Eighth Joint National Committee (JNC 8)|journal = JAMA|volume = 311|issue = 5|pages = 507–20|date = Dec 2013|doi = 10.1001/jama.2013.284427|pmid = 24352797|display-authors = 8}}</ref> 

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=== Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring===
ଘର ଓ କର୍ମସ୍ଥଳ ବାହାରେ ୨୪ ଘଣ୍ଟିଆ ରକ୍ତଚାପ ମାପ ଅଧିକ ନିର୍ଭୁଲ ହୁଏ । <ref name=Lancet2015/><ref name=Nai2014/>

[[File:Blood pressure testing.jpg|100px|left]]
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===[[ଗର୍ଭାବସ୍ଥା]] ଉଚ୍ଚ ରକ୍ତଚାପ===
ଗର୍ଭାବସ୍ଥାରେ ୮ରୁ ୧୮% ମହିଳାଙ୍କର ଉଚ୍ଚ ରକ୍ତଚାପ ହୁଏ, <ref name="ABC"/> ଯାହାକୁ 'ଗର୍ଭାବସ୍ଥା ଉଚ୍ଚ ରକ୍ତଚାପ' କୁହାଯାଏ । ଛଅ ଘଣ୍ଟା ଅନ୍ତରରେ ଦୁଇଟି ରକ୍ତଚାପ ମାପ ୧୪୦/୯୦ ମିମି ପାରଦରୁ ଅଧିକ ରହିଲେ ନିର୍ଣ୍ଣୟାତ୍ମକ ହୁଏ ଓ ଏହାକୁ ତୁରନ୍ତ ଚିକିତ୍ସା କରାଯାଏ । <ref name="harrison">{{cite book|title=Harrison's principles of internal medicine.|publisher=McGraw-Hill|location=New York|isbn=9780071748896|year=2011|pages=55–61|edition=18th}}</ref>

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==ମଧ୍ୟମ ଧରଣର ଉଚ୍ଚ ରକ୍ତଚାପ ଚିକିତ୍ସା==
ଗବେଷଣାରୁ ସ୍ପଷ୍ଟ ହୋଇଛି, ୧୬୦/୧୦୦ ମିମି ପାରଦ ଥିବା ମଧ୍ୟମ ଧରଣର ଉଚ୍ଚ ରକ୍ତଚାପର ଚିକିତ୍ସା କଲେ ଆୟୁଷ ଦୃଦ୍ଧି ହୁଏ । <ref>{{cite journal|last1=Musini|first1=VM|last2=Tejani|first2=AM|last3=Bassett|first3=K|last4=Wright|first4=JM|title=Pharmacotherapy for hypertension in the elderly.|journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|date=7 October 2009|issue=4|page=CD000028|pmid=19821263|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD000028.pub2}}</ref> 

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===ସ୍ୱଳ୍ପରୁ ମଧ୍ୟମ ଉଚ୍ଚ ରକ୍ତଚାପ===
୧୩୦ରୁ ୧୬୦ ମିମି ସିସ୍ଟୋଲିକ ଓ ୮୦ରୁ ୧୦୦ ମିମି ଡାଏସ୍ଟୋଲିକ ପାରଦ ଥିଲେ ଚିକିତ୍ସାର ପ୍ରଭାବ ଅସ୍ପଷ୍ଟ ଥିବା ଗବେଷଣାରୁ ଜଣାଯାଏ । କେତେକ ସମୀକ୍ଷାରେ ଉପକାର ମିଳୁଥିବା ଜଣାଯାଏ<ref name=AHA2017/><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Sundström|first1=Johan|last2=Arima|first2=Hisatomi|last3=Jackson|first3=Rod|last4=Turnbull|first4=Fiona|last5=Rahimi|first5=Kazem|last6=Chalmers|first6=John|last7=Woodward|first7=Mark|last8=Neal|first8=Bruce|title=Effects of Blood Pressure Reduction in Mild Hypertension|journal=Annals of Internal Medicine|date=February 2015|pmid=25531552|doi=10.7326/M14-0773|volume=162|issue=3|pages=184–91}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Xie|first1=X|last2=Atkins|first2=E|last3=Lv|first3=J|last4=Bennett|first4=A|last5=Neal|first5=B|last6=Ninomiya|first6=T|last7=Woodward|first7=M|last8=MacMahon|first8=S|last9=Turnbull|first9=F|last10=Hillis|first10=GS|last11=Chalmers|first11=J|last12=Mant|first12=J|last13=Salam|first13=A|last14=Rahimi|first14=K|last15=Perkovic|first15=V|last16=Rodgers|first16=A|title=Effects of intensive blood pressure lowering on cardiovascular and renal outcomes: updated systematic review and meta-analysis.|journal=Lancet|date=30 January 2016|pmid=26559744|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(15)00805-3|volume=387 |issue=10017|pages=435–43|url=http://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/1765}}</ref> ଓ କେତେକରେ ଜଣାଯାଏ ନାହିଁ । <ref name=Diao2012>{{cite journal|last1=Diao|first1=D|last2=Wright|first2=JM|last3=Cundiff|first3=DK|last4=Gueyffier|first4=F|title=Pharmacotherapy for mild hypertension.|journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|date=Aug 15, 2012|volume=8|issue=8|pages=CD006742|pmid=22895954|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD006742.pub2}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Garrison|first1=SR|last2=Kolber|first2=MR|last3=Korownyk|first3=CS|last4=McCracken|first4=RK|last5=Heran|first5=BS|last6=Allan|first6=GM|title=Blood pressure targets for hypertension in older adults.|journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|date=8 August 2017|volume=8|pages=CD011575|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD011575.pub2|pmid=28787537}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Musini|first1=VM|last2=Gueyffier|first2=F|last3=Puil|first3=L|last4=Salzwedel|first4=DM|last5=Wright|first5=JM|title=Pharmacotherapy for hypertension in adults aged 18 to 59 years.|journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|date=16 August 2017|volume=8|pages=CD008276|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD008276.pub2|pmid=28813123}}</ref>

[[File:Researcher looking through microscope.jpg|100px|left]]
{{clear}}Óscar de Jesús zagarra pantoja

===ଜୀବନ‌ଚର୍ଯ୍ୟାର ପ୍ରଭାବ===
ଉପ‌ଯୁକ୍ତ ଜୀବନ‌ଚର୍ଯ୍ୟା ଓ ଚିକିତ୍ସା ଯୋଗୁ ରକ୍ତଚାପ ମାତ୍ରା ଓ ଜଟିଳ ହେବା ସଙ୍କଟ କମିଯାଏ । <ref name=NIH2015Tx>{{cite web|title=How Is High Blood Pressure Treated?|url=http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/hbp/treatment|website=National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute|accessdate=6 March 2016|date=September 10, 2015|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160406073903/http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/hbp/treatment|archivedate=6 April 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

[[File:Healthy meal.jpg|100px|left]]
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===ଜୀବନ‌ଚର୍ଯ୍ୟାର ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତନ ===
ଜୀବନ‌ଚର୍ଯ୍ୟାର ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତନ ନିମନ୍ତେ ଓଜନ ହ୍ରାସ, ଶାରୀରିକ ବ୍ୟାୟାମ, କମ୍ ଲୁଣ ଖାଇବା, କମ୍ ମଦ୍ୟପାନ ଓ ସ୍ୱାସ୍ଥ୍ୟପ୍ରଦ ଖାଦ୍ୟ ଖାଇଲେ ଫଳପ୍ରଦ ହୁଏ ।<ref name=Lancet2015/> 

[[File:Walking for Health in Epsom-5Aug2009 (2).jpg|100px|left]]
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===ଚିକିତ୍ସା ଓ ଔଷଧ===
ଜୀବନ‌ଚର୍ଯ୍ୟା ଯଥେଷ୍ଟ ନହେଲେ ରକ୍ତଚାପ ଔଷଧ ବ୍ୟବ‌ହାର କରାଯାଏ । <ref name=NIH2015Tx/> ତିନି ପ୍ରକାର ବିଭିନ୍ନ ଔଷଧ ଯୋଗୁ ୯୦% ରୋଗ ନିୟନ୍ତ୍ରିତ ହୋଇଯାଏ । <ref name=Lancet2015>{{cite journal|last1=Poulter|first1=NR|last2=Prabhakaran|first2=D|last3=Caulfield|first3=M|title=Hypertension.|journal=Lancet|date=22 August 2015|volume=386|issue=9995|pages=801–12|pmid=25832858|doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(14)61468-9}}</ref>

[[File:Two boxes and a blister pack of Co-Diovan (Valsartan and hydrochlorothiazide), Singapore - 20150210.jpg|100px|left]]
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==ଆଧାର==

{{ଆଧାର}}

[[ଶ୍ରେଣୀ:ଭିଡିଓୱିକି ଲିପି]]
[[ଶ୍ରେଣୀ:ଚିକିତ୍ସା ବିଜ୍ଞାନ]]