ହିପ ହପ ସଂସ୍କୃତି

ହିପ ହପ ବା ହିପ-ହପ ଏକ ସଂସ୍କୃତି ଏବଂ କଳା ଆନ୍ଦୋଳନ । ଏହା ନ୍ୟୁୟର୍କ ସହରର ବ୍ରୋଙ୍କସରେ ଆଫ୍ରିକୀୟ ଆମେରିକୀୟ, ଲାଟିନୋ ଆମେରିକୀୟ ଏବଂ କାରିବିଆନ ଆମେରିକୀୟମାନଙ୍କଦ୍ୱାରା ସୃଷ୍ଟି କରାଯାଇଥିଲା । ଏହି ନାମର ଉତ୍ପତ୍ତି ପ୍ରାୟତଃ ବିବାଦୀୟ । ଦକ୍ଷିଣ କିମ୍ବା ପଶ୍ଚିମ ବ୍ରୋଙ୍କସରେ ହିପ ହପ ଆରମ୍ଭ ହୋଇଛି କି ନାହିଁ ସେ ବିଷୟରେ ମଧ୍ୟ ଯୁକ୍ତି କରାଯାଉଛି ।^[୧]^[୨]^[୩]^[୪]^[୫] ହିପ ହପ ଶବ୍ଦ ପ୍ରାୟତଃ ହିପ ହପ ସଙ୍ଗୀତକୁ (ର‍୍ଯାପ ଅନ୍ତର୍ଭୁକ୍ତ) ସ୍ୱତନ୍ତ୍ର ଭାବରେ ବୁଝାଇବା ପାଇଁ ବ୍ୟବହୃତ ହେଉଥିବାବେଳେ,^[୬] ହିପ ହପ ଚାରୋଟି ପ୍ରମୁଖ ଉପାଦାନଦ୍ୱାରା ବର୍ଣ୍ଣିତ: "ର‍୍ଯାପିଂ" (ଇଂରାଜୀରେ MCing ବା emceeing ମଧ୍ୟ କୁହାଯାଏ), ଏକ ତାଳବଦ୍ଧ କଣ୍ଠସ୍ୱର ଯତିପାଦ (ରାଇମିଂ) ଶୈଳୀ (ମୌଖିକତା); ଡିଜେଇଙ୍ଗ (DJing) (ଏବଂ ଟର୍ନଟେବଲିଜିମ), ଯାହା ରେକର୍ଡ ପ୍ଲେୟର ଏବଂ ଡିଜେ ମିକ୍ସର (ମୌଖିକ/ଧ୍ୱନି ଏବଂ ସଙ୍ଗୀତ ସୃଷ୍ଟି) ସହିତ ସଙ୍ଗୀତ ତିଆରି); ବି-ବୟିଙ୍ଗ/ବି-ଗାର୍ଲିଂ/ବ୍ରେକ ଡ୍ୟାନ୍ସିଂ (ଶରୀରର ଗତି/ନାଚ); ଏବଂ ଗ୍ରାଫିଟି ଆଦିକୁ ବୁଝାଇଥାଏ ।^[୭]^[୨]^[୮]^[୯]^[୧୦] ହିପ ହପର ଅନ୍ୟ ଉପାଦାନଗୁଡ଼ିକ ହେଉଛି: ହିପ ହପ ସଂସ୍କୃତି ଏବଂ ଆନ୍ଦୋଳନର ଐତିହାସିକ ଜ୍ଞାନ (ବୌଦ୍ଧିକ/ଦାର୍ଶନିକ); ବିଟ୍ ବକ୍ସିଂ, ଏକ ବାଜାଭିତ୍ତିକ ସ୍ୱର ଶୈଳୀ; ଗଳି ଉଦ୍ୟୋଗ (ଏଣ୍ଟ୍ରପ୍ରନରସିପ); ହିପ ହପ ଭାଷା; ଏବଂ ହିପ ହପ ଫ୍ୟାଶନ ଏବଂ ଶୈଳୀ ଆଦି ଅନ୍ୟତମ ।^[୧୧]^[୧୨]^[୧୩] ସାଧାରଣତଃ ଗଳି ବାବଦରେ ଜ୍ଞାନ, ହିପ ହପ ଫ୍ୟାଶନ କିମ୍ବା ବିଟ ବକ୍ସିଂ ପଞ୍ଚମ ଉପାଦାନ ଭାବରେ ବିବେଚନା କରାଯାଏ ଓ ବିତର୍କିତ ।^[୨]^[୭]

ବ୍ରୋଙ୍କସ ହିପ ହପ ୧୯୭୦ ଦଶକର ମଧ୍ୟଭାଗରେ ବ୍ଲାକ ସ୍ପେଡସ୍ଦ୍ୱାରା ଆୟୋଜିତ ଆଖପାଖର ବ୍ଲକ ପାର୍ଟିରୁ ଜନ୍ମନେଇଥିଲା । ବ୍ଲାକ ସ୍ପେଡସ୍ ଏକ ଆଫ୍ରିକୀୟ ଆମେରିକୀୟ ଗୋଷ୍ଠୀ ଓ ଏକ ଗ୍ୟାଙ୍ଗ, ଏକ କ୍ଲବ୍ ଏବଂ ଏକ ସଙ୍ଗୀତ ଦଳ ଭାବେ ବର୍ଣ୍ଣିତ । ଏହି ଧାରାର ବୃଦ୍ଧି ପାଇଁ ଭାଇ-ଭଉଣୀ ଯୋଡ଼ି ଡିଜେ କୁଲ ହର୍କ, ଏବଂ ସିଣ୍ଡି କ୍ୟାମ୍ପବେଲ ବ୍ରୋଙ୍କସରେ ଆୟୋଜନ କରିଥିବା ଡିଜେ ପାର୍ଟିକୁ ମଧ୍ୟ ଶ୍ରେୟ ଦିଆଯାଏ ।^[୧୪] ହିପ ହପ ସଂସ୍କୃତି ସମଗ୍ର ଆମେରିକା ଏବଂ ପରବର୍ତ୍ତୀ ସମୟରେ ସମଗ୍ର ବିଶ୍ୱରେ ଉଭୟ ସହରୀ ଏବଂ ଉପାନ୍ତ ସମ୍ପ୍ରଦାୟକୁ ବ୍ୟାପିଥିଲା ।^[୧୫] ଏହି ଉପାଦାନଗୁଡ଼ିକ ଯଥେଷ୍ଟ ଅନୁକୂଳ ଏବଂ ବିକଶିତ ହୋଇଥିଲା, ବିଶେଷକରି କଳା ରୂପଗୁଡ଼ିକ ଆମେରିକା ବାହାରେ ଅନ୍ୟାନ୍ୟ ମହାଦେଶଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ବ୍ୟାପିଥିଲା ଏବଂ ୧୯୯୦ ଦଶକ ଏବଂ ପରବର୍ତ୍ତୀ ଦଶନ୍ଧିରେ ସ୍ଥାନୀୟ ଶୈଳୀ ସହିତ ମିଶିଥିଲା । ଏହି ଆନ୍ଦୋଳନ ବିଶ୍ୱସ୍ତରରେ ବିସ୍ତାରିତ ହେବାରେ ଲାଗିଛି ଏବଂ ହିପ ହପ ଥିଏଟର ଏବଂ ହିପ ହପ ଚଳଚ୍ଚିତ୍ର ସମେତ ଅସଂଖ୍ୟ ଶୈଳୀ ଏବଂ କଳା ରୂପ ଅନୁସନ୍ଧାନ ଜାରି ରଖିଛି । ଚାରୋଟି ମୂଳ ଉପାଦାନ ହିପ ହପ ସଂସ୍କୃତି ପାଇଁ ସମନ୍ୱୟ ଏବଂ ଏକ ଶକ୍ତିଶାଳୀ ମୂଳଦୁଆ ତିଆରି କରିଛି ।^[୨] ହିପ ହପ ଏକସମୟରେ ଏକ ନୂତନ ଏବଂ ପୁରୁଣା ଘଟଣା । ଏଥିରେ ପୁରୁଣା ରେକର୍ଡରୁ ନମୁନା ଟ୍ରାକ, ବିଟ, ଏବଂ ବେସଲାଇନ ତିଆରି ଗୁରୁତ୍ୱର ଅର୍ଥ ଅଧିକାଂଶ ଆଧୁନିକ ଦର୍ଶକଙ୍କ ପାଇଁ କ୍ଲାସିକ ରେକର୍ଡିଂ, ମନୋଭାବ ଏବଂ ଅନୁଭୂତି ଅଦ୍ୟତନ କରିବାର ଧାରଣା । ପୁରାତନ ସଂସ୍କୃତିର ନମୁନା ଏବଂ ଏହାକୁ ଏକ ନୂତନ ପ୍ରସଙ୍ଗ କିମ୍ବା ନୂତନ ଶୈଳୀରେ ପୁନଃବ୍ୟବହାର କରିବା ହିପ ହପ ସଂସ୍କୃତିରେ "ଫ୍ଲିପିଂ" କୁହାଯାଏ ।^[୧୬] ହିପ ହପ ସଙ୍ଗୀତ ଆଗର ଆଫ୍ରିକୀୟ-ଆମେରିକୀୟ-ମୂଳ ଏବଂ ଲାଟିନୋ ମ୍ୟୁଜିକାଲ୍ ଶୈଳୀ ଯଥା ବ୍ଲୁଜ, ଜାଜ, ରାଗ-ଟାଇମ, ଫଙ୍କ, ସାଲସା, ଏବଂ ଡିସ୍କୋର ପଦାଙ୍କ ଅନୁସରଣ କରି ବିଶ୍ୱସ୍ତରରେ ବ୍ୟବହୃତ ସଂଗୀତ ଶୈଳୀ ମଧ୍ୟରୁ ଗୋଟିଏ ହୋଇଛି ।

ଆଧାର[ସମ୍ପାଦନା]

↑ Dyson, Michael Eric, 2007, Know What I Mean? Reflections on Hip-Hop, Basic Civitas Books, p. 6.
↑ ^୨.୦ ^୨.୧ ^୨.୨ ^୨.୩ Chang, Jeff; DJ Kool Herc (2005). Can't Stop Won't Stop: A History of the Hip-Hop Generation. Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-312-30143-9.
↑ Grant, Japhy (February 27, 2009). "Hip Hop's Homophobic Haters". Queerty. Queerty Inc. [web.archive.org/web/20151211141458/http://www.queerty.com/hip-hops-homophobic-haters-20090227 Archived] from the original on December 11, 2015. Retrieved December 9, 2015. {{cite web}}: Check |archive-url= value (help)
↑ Ziegler, Lauren (April 30, 2015). "Hip Hop Will Never Accept Transgender Rappers". Howls & Echoes. Howls & Echoes. [web.archive.org/web/20151211081109/http://howlandechoes.com/2015/04/rapper-erick-sermon-says-hip-hop-will-never-accept-transgender-rappers/ Archived] from the original on December 11, 2015. Retrieved December 9, 2015. {{cite web}}: Check |archive-url= value (help)
↑ Biography.com Editors. [web.archive.org/web/20151211122515/http://www.biography.com/people/frank-ocean-21013329 "Frank Ocean Biography"]. Biography.com. A&E Networks Television. Archived from the original on December 11, 2015. Retrieved December 9, 2015. {{cite web}}: |last= has generic name (help); Check |archive-url= value (help)
↑ Kenon, Marci (May 6, 2000). "Hip-Hop". Billboard. 112 (23): 20.
↑ ^୭.୦ ^୭.୧ Kugelberg, Johan (2007). Born in the Bronx. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 17. ISBN 978-0-7893-1540-3.
↑ Brown, Lauren (February 18, 2009). [www.webcitation.org/5q4R2fdYi?url=http://www.movmnt.com/monsters-of-hip-hop-2_003332.html "Hip to the Game – Dance World vs. Music Industry, The Battle for Hip Hop's Legacy"]. Movmnt Magazine. Archived from the original on May 28, 2010. Retrieved July 30, 2009. {{cite web}}: Check |archive-url= value (help)
↑ Walker, Jason (January 31, 2005). [web.archive.org/web/20100215110008/http://www.sixshot.com/articles/4884/ "Crazy Legs – The Revolutionary"]. SixShot.com. Web Media Entertainment Gmbh. Archived from the original on February 15, 2010. Retrieved August 27, 2009. {{cite web}}: Check |archive-url= value (help)
↑ The History of Hip Hop Archived April 11, 2009, at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved on August 27, 2011
↑ [web.archive.org/web/20161222153000/http://new.zulunation.com/elements/ "Elements | Universal Zulu Nation"]. new.zulunation.com. Archived from the original on December 22, 2016. Retrieved 2016-12-22. {{cite web}}: Check |archive-url= value (help)
↑ KRS-ONE – 9 Elements, [web.archive.org/web/20170728162339/https://genius.com/Krs-one-9-elements-lyrics archived] from the original on July 28, 2017, retrieved 2016-12-22 {{citation}}: Check |archive-url= value (help)
↑ Westhoff, Ben (2011-12-30). "Hip-Hop's Four Elements: The Old Ones Suck. Here's Our Suggestions for New Ones". L.A. Weekly. [web.archive.org/web/20161222155334/http://www.laweekly.com/music/hip-hops-four-elements-the-old-ones-suck-heres-our-suggestions-for-new-ones-2411228 Archived] from the original on December 22, 2016. Retrieved 2016-12-22. {{cite web}}: Check |archive-url= value (help)
↑ Allah, Sha Be (2018-08-11). "Today in Hip Hop History: Kool Herc's Party At 1520 Sedgwick Avenue 45 Years Ago Marks The Foundation Of The Culture Known As Hip Hop". The Source (in ଆମେରିକୀୟ ଇଂରାଜୀ). [web.archive.org/web/20190402042920/http://thesource.com/2018/08/11/today-in-hip-hop-history-kool-hercs-party-at-1520-sedgewick-avenue-45-years-ago-marks-the-foundation-of-the-culture-known-as-hip-hop/ Archived] from the original on April 2, 2019. Retrieved 2019-03-14. {{cite web}}: Check |archive-url= value (help)
↑ "KRS-One's 40 Year's of Hip Hop". [web.archive.org/web/20201008194909/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=REpSdgORU5A&app=desktop Archived] from the original on October 8, 2020. Retrieved August 13, 2017. {{cite web}}: Check |archive-url= value (help)
↑ [web.archive.org/web/20190404225048/http://90shh.com/about-2/ "90shh.com/about-2/"] (in ଆମେରିକୀୟ ଇଂରାଜୀ). Archived from the original on April 4, 2019. Retrieved 2019-04-04. {{cite web}}: Check |archive-url= value (help)

[Dyson_2007,_p._6-1] Dyson, Michael Eric, 2007, Know What I Mean? Reflections on Hip-Hop, Basic Civitas Books, p. 6.

[CantStopWontStop-2] ୨.୦ ^୨.୧ ^୨.୨ ^୨.୩ Chang, Jeff; DJ Kool Herc (2005). Can't Stop Won't Stop: A History of the Hip-Hop Generation. Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-312-30143-9.

[Grant-3] Grant, Japhy (February 27, 2009). "Hip Hop's Homophobic Haters". Queerty. Queerty Inc. [web.archive.org/web/20151211141458/http://www.queerty.com/hip-hops-homophobic-haters-20090227 Archived] from the original on December 11, 2015. Retrieved December 9, 2015. {{cite web}}: Check |archive-url= value (help)

[Ziegler-4] Ziegler, Lauren (April 30, 2015). "Hip Hop Will Never Accept Transgender Rappers". Howls & Echoes. Howls & Echoes. [web.archive.org/web/20151211081109/http://howlandechoes.com/2015/04/rapper-erick-sermon-says-hip-hop-will-never-accept-transgender-rappers/ Archived] from the original on December 11, 2015. Retrieved December 9, 2015. {{cite web}}: Check |archive-url= value (help)

[Biography.com_Editors-5] Biography.com Editors. [web.archive.org/web/20151211122515/http://www.biography.com/people/frank-ocean-21013329 "Frank Ocean Biography"]. Biography.com. A&E Networks Television. Archived from the original on December 11, 2015. Retrieved December 9, 2015. {{cite web}}: |last= has generic name (help); Check |archive-url= value (help)

[Hip-Hop-6] Kenon, Marci (May 6, 2000). "Hip-Hop". Billboard. 112 (23): 20.

[BornInTheBronx-7] ୭.୦ ^୭.୧ Kugelberg, Johan (2007). Born in the Bronx. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 17. ISBN 978-0-7893-1540-3.

[8] Brown, Lauren (February 18, 2009). [www.webcitation.org/5q4R2fdYi?url=http://www.movmnt.com/monsters-of-hip-hop-2_003332.html "Hip to the Game – Dance World vs. Music Industry, The Battle for Hip Hop's Legacy"]. Movmnt Magazine. Archived from the original on May 28, 2010. Retrieved July 30, 2009. {{cite web}}: Check |archive-url= value (help)

[9] Walker, Jason (January 31, 2005). [web.archive.org/web/20100215110008/http://www.sixshot.com/articles/4884/ "Crazy Legs – The Revolutionary"]. SixShot.com. Web Media Entertainment Gmbh. Archived from the original on February 15, 2010. Retrieved August 27, 2009. {{cite web}}: Check |archive-url= value (help)

[History-10] The History of Hip Hop Archived April 11, 2009, at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved on August 27, 2011

[TheElements-11] [web.archive.org/web/20161222153000/http://new.zulunation.com/elements/ "Elements | Universal Zulu Nation"]. new.zulunation.com. Archived from the original on December 22, 2016. Retrieved 2016-12-22. {{cite web}}: Check |archive-url= value (help)

[KRSOne-12] KRS-ONE – 9 Elements, [web.archive.org/web/20170728162339/https://genius.com/Krs-one-9-elements-lyrics archived] from the original on July 28, 2017, retrieved 2016-12-22 {{citation}}: Check |archive-url= value (help)

[laweekly-13] Westhoff, Ben (2011-12-30). "Hip-Hop's Four Elements: The Old Ones Suck. Here's Our Suggestions for New Ones". L.A. Weekly. [web.archive.org/web/20161222155334/http://www.laweekly.com/music/hip-hops-four-elements-the-old-ones-suck-heres-our-suggestions-for-new-ones-2411228 Archived] from the original on December 22, 2016. Retrieved 2016-12-22. {{cite web}}: Check |archive-url= value (help)

[14] Allah, Sha Be (2018-08-11). "Today in Hip Hop History: Kool Herc's Party At 1520 Sedgwick Avenue 45 Years Ago Marks The Foundation Of The Culture Known As Hip Hop". The Source (in ଆମେରିକୀୟ ଇଂରାଜୀ). [web.archive.org/web/20190402042920/http://thesource.com/2018/08/11/today-in-hip-hop-history-kool-hercs-party-at-1520-sedgewick-avenue-45-years-ago-marks-the-foundation-of-the-culture-known-as-hip-hop/ Archived] from the original on April 2, 2019. Retrieved 2019-03-14. {{cite web}}: Check |archive-url= value (help)

[KRS-One's_40_Year's_of_Hip_Hop-15] "KRS-One's 40 Year's of Hip Hop". [web.archive.org/web/20201008194909/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=REpSdgORU5A&app=desktop Archived] from the original on October 8, 2020. Retrieved August 13, 2017. {{cite web}}: Check |archive-url= value (help)

[16] [web.archive.org/web/20190404225048/http://90shh.com/about-2/ "90shh.com/about-2/"] (in ଆମେରିକୀୟ ଇଂରାଜୀ). Archived from the original on April 4, 2019. Retrieved 2019-04-04. {{cite web}}: Check |archive-url= value (help)

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