ଜୋଆନ ଅଫ ଆର୍କ

Native name	ଜୋଆନ ଅଫ ଆର୍କ (Jeanne d'Arc)
Nickname(s)	ଲା ପୁସେଲେ (La Pucelle); ଅରଲିଆନସର କନ୍ୟା (The Maid of Orléans); (French: La Pucelle d'Orléans)
ନିଯୁକ୍ତିଦାତା	ଫ୍ରାନ୍‌ସ
କାର୍ଯ୍ୟକାଳ	୧୪୨୮-୧୪୩୦
ସଂଘର୍ଷ/ଯୁଦ୍ଧ	ଏକ ଶହ ବର୍ଷର ଯୁଦ୍ଧ\| Loire Campaign: Siege of Orléans; Battle of Jargeau; Battle of Meung-sur-Loire; Battle of Beaugency; Battle of Patay; ; March to Reims; Siege of Paris; Siege of La Charité; Siege of Compiègne;
ଦସ୍ତଖତ

Saint Joan of Arc
Saint Joan of Arc
	Miniature (15th century)
Saint
Born	6 January c. 1412; Domrémy, Duchy of Bar, France
Died	30 May 1431 (aged approx. 19); Rouen, Normandy; (then under English rule)
Venerated in	Roman Catholic Church; Anglican Communion
Beatified	18 April 1909, Notre Dame de Paris by Pope Pius X
Canonized	16 May 1920, St. Peter's Basilica, Rome by Pope Benedict XV
Feast	30 May
Attributes	armor, banner, sword
Patronage	France; martyrs; captives; military personnel; people ridiculed for their piety; prisoners; soldiers, women who have served in the WAVES (Women Accepted for Volunteer Emergency Service); and Women's Army Corps

ଇଂରାଜୀ ଲିଙ୍କ

https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_of_Arc

ଜୋଆନ ଅଫ ଆର୍କ ବା ସନ୍ଥ ଜୋଆନ ଅଫ ଆର୍କ, ବା ଓରଲିଆନସ କନ୍ୟା (ଇଂରାଜୀ ଭାଷାରେ Joan of Arc (French: Jeanne d'Arc,^[୫] IPA: [ʒan daʁk]; 6 January c. 1412^[୬] – 30 May 1431), ଡାକ ନାମ ବା ନିକନେମ ଥିଲା ମେଡ ଅଫ ଓରଲିନସ ("The Maid of Orléans" ଫରାସୀ ଭାଷାରେ French: La Pucelle d'Orléans) ଓ ତାଙ୍କୁ ଶହେ ବର୍ଷର ଯୁଦ୍ଧରେ (Hundred Years' War, ୧୪୩୫-୫୩) ଫ୍ରାନସର ହିରୋଇନ ବା ନାୟିକା ଅଭିହିତ କରାଯାଇଥିଲା । ତାଙ୍କୁ ରୋମାନ କାଥିଲିକ ଚର୍ଚ୍ଚର ସନ୍ଥ ମାନୁଥିଲେ । ତାଙ୍କ ପିତା ମାତାଙ୍କ ନାମ ଯଥାକ୍ରମେ ଜାକୁଇସ ଡି ଆର୍କ (Jacques d'Arc) ଓ ଇସାବେଲା ରୋମି (Isabelle Romée) ଥିଲା ଓ ସେମାନେ ଉତ୍ତର-ପୂର୍ବ ଫ୍ରାନସରେ ବାସ କରୁଥିଲେ ।

ଜୋଆନ କ‌ହୁଥିଲେ, ସେ ଅନ୍ତର୍ଦୃଷ୍ଟିରେ ଆରକାଞ୍ଜେଲ, ମାଇକେଲ, ସନ୍ଥ ମାର୍ଗାରେଟ ଓ ଆଲେକଜାଣ୍ଡ୍ରିଆର ସନ୍ଥ କାଥେରିନ ଇତ୍ୟାଦି ଲୋକ ତାଙ୍କୁ ଚାର୍ଲସ ୭ଙ୍କୁ ସମର୍ଥନ ଦେଇ ଇଂଲଣ୍ଡ କବଳରୁ ଫ୍ରାନସକୁ ମୁକ୍ତ କରିବାକୁ କ‌ହୁଥିଲେ । ରିଲିଫ ଦେବା ଆଳରେ ମୁକୁଟ ବିହୀନ ରାଜା ଚାର୍ଲସ ୭ ତାଙ୍କୁ ଅର୍ଲିନସକୁ ମୁକ୍ତ କରିବାକୁ ପଠେଇଥିଲେ । କେବଳ ୯ ଦିନ ପରେ ଅର୍ଲିନସ ମୁକ୍ତ ହୋଇଥିଲା । ଶୀଘ୍ରାତିଶୀଘ୍ର ଅନ୍ୟ କେତେକ ଅଞ୍ଚଳ ମୁକ୍ତ ହେବା ପରେ ଚାର୍ଲସ ୭ଙ୍କର ରେମ ସ୍ଥାନରେ ରାଜ୍ୟାଭିଷେକ ହୋଇଥିଲା । ଏହି ଘଟଣା ପରେ ଫରାସୀ ଲୋକଙ୍କର ମନୋବଳ ବୃଦ୍ଧି ପାଇଲା ଓ ଅବଶେଷରେ ଫ୍ରାନସର ବିଜୟ ହେଲା ।

କମ୍ପିୟେନ ସ୍ଥାନରେ ଇଂରେଜମାନେ ତାଙ୍କୁ ଧରି ନେଇ ଡାହାଣୀ ଆଖ୍ୟା ଦେଇ ଜୀବାନ୍ତ ଜଳେଇ ଦେଇଥିଲେ । ସେତେବେଳେ ତାଙ୍କର ମାତ୍ର ୧୯ ବର୍ଷ ବୟସ ହୋଇଥିଲା । ଏହି ଘଟଣାର ୨୪ ବର୍ଷ ପରେ ଚାର୍ଲସ୍ ୭ଙ୍କର ଅନୁରୋଧକ୍ରମେ ପୋପ କଲିକ୍ଟସ ତୃତୀୟଙ୍କୁ ଅନୁରୋଧ କଲେ ଜୋଆନଙ୍କୁ ନିର୍ଦ୍ଦଷ ଘୋଷଣା କରି ଥିଲେ ଓ ସ‌ହୀଦ ଘୋଷଣା କରିଥିଲେ । ସନ ୧୯୨୦ରେ ତାଙ୍କୁ ସନ୍ଥ ଉପାଧୀ ଦେଇ ସମ୍ମାନିତ କରାଯାଇଥିଲା।

ଆଧାର

↑ Centre Historique des Archives Nationales, Paris, AE II 2490, dated to the second half of the 15th century. "The later, fifteenth-century manuscript of Charles, Duke of Orléans contains a miniature of Joan in armour; the face has certain characteristic features known from her contemporaries' descriptions, and the artist may have worked from indications by someone who had known her." Joan M. Edmunds, The Mission of Joan of Arc (2008), p. 40.
↑ An exact date of birth (6 January 1412) is uniquely indicated by Perceval de Boulainvilliers, councillor of king Charles VII, in a letter to the duke of Milan. Régine Pernoud's Joan of Arc By Herself and Her Witnesses, p. 98: "Boulainvilliers tells of her birth in Domrémy, and it is he who gives us an exact date, which may be the true one, saying that she was born on the night of Epiphany, 6 January". However, Marius Sepet has alleged that Boulainvilliers' letter is mythographic and therefore unreliable in his opinion (Marius Sepet, "Observations critiques sur l'histoire de Jeanne d'Arc. La lettre de Perceval de Boulainvilliers", in Bibliothèque de l'école des chartes, n°77, 1916, pp. 439–447, http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k12454p/f439.image ; Gerd Krumeich, "La date de la naissance de Jeanne d'Arc", in De Domremy ... à Tokyo: Jeanne d'Arc et la Lorraine, 2013, pp. 21–31.)
↑ "Chemainus Theatre Festival - The 2008 Season - Saint Joan - Joan of Arc Historical Timeline". Chemainustheatrefestival.ca. Archived from the original on 2 June 2013. Retrieved 30 November 2012.
↑ "Holy Days".
↑ ତାଙ୍କ ନାମ ବିଭିନ୍ନ ପ୍ରକାର ଲେଖାଯାଉଥିଲା, ବିଶେଷତଃ ଉନବିଂଶ ଶତାବ୍ଦୀ ପୂର୍ବରୁ । ତାଙ୍କ ଦସ୍ତଖତରେ ଜେହାନ ଲେଖା ଥିଲା (see www.stjoan-center.com/Album/, parts 47 and 49; it is also noted in Pernoud and Clin).
↑ Modern biographical summaries often assert a birthdate of 6 January for Joan, which is based on a letter from Lord Perceval de Boulainvilliers on 21 July 1429 (see Pernoud's Joan of Arc By Herself and Her Witnesses, p. 98: "Boulainvilliers tells of her birth in Domrémy, and it is he who gives us an exact date, which may be the true one, saying that she was born on the night of Epiphany, 6 January").

[1] Centre Historique des Archives Nationales, Paris, AE II 2490, dated to the second half of the 15th century. "The later, fifteenth-century manuscript of Charles, Duke of Orléans contains a miniature of Joan in armour; the face has certain characteristic features known from her contemporaries' descriptions, and the artist may have worked from indications by someone who had known her." Joan M. Edmunds, The Mission of Joan of Arc (2008), p. 40.

[2] An exact date of birth (6 January 1412) is uniquely indicated by Perceval de Boulainvilliers, councillor of king Charles VII, in a letter to the duke of Milan. Régine Pernoud's Joan of Arc By Herself and Her Witnesses, p. 98: "Boulainvilliers tells of her birth in Domrémy, and it is he who gives us an exact date, which may be the true one, saying that she was born on the night of Epiphany, 6 January". However, Marius Sepet has alleged that Boulainvilliers' letter is mythographic and therefore unreliable in his opinion (Marius Sepet, "Observations critiques sur l'histoire de Jeanne d'Arc. La lettre de Perceval de Boulainvilliers", in Bibliothèque de l'école des chartes, n°77, 1916, pp. 439–447, http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k12454p/f439.image ; Gerd Krumeich, "La date de la naissance de Jeanne d'Arc", in De Domremy ... à Tokyo: Jeanne d'Arc et la Lorraine, 2013, pp. 21–31.)

[3] "Chemainus Theatre Festival - The 2008 Season - Saint Joan - Joan of Arc Historical Timeline". Chemainustheatrefestival.ca. Archived from the original on 2 June 2013. Retrieved 30 November 2012.

[4] "Holy Days".

[5] ତାଙ୍କ ନାମ ବିଭିନ୍ନ ପ୍ରକାର ଲେଖାଯାଉଥିଲା, ବିଶେଷତଃ ଉନବିଂଶ ଶତାବ୍ଦୀ ପୂର୍ବରୁ । ତାଙ୍କ ଦସ୍ତଖତରେ ଜେହାନ ଲେଖା ଥିଲା (see www.stjoan-center.com/Album/, parts 47 and 49; it is also noted in Pernoud and Clin).

[birthdate-6] Modern biographical summaries often assert a birthdate of 6 January for Joan, which is based on a letter from Lord Perceval de Boulainvilliers on 21 July 1429 (see Pernoud's Joan of Arc By Herself and Her Witnesses, p. 98: "Boulainvilliers tells of her birth in Domrémy, and it is he who gives us an exact date, which may be the true one, saying that she was born on the night of Epiphany, 6 January").

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