ପ୍ଲୁଟୋନିଅମ

ଇଂରାଜୀ ଲିଙ୍କ

https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plutonium

Plutonium,  ₉₄Pu

ସାଧାରଣ ଗୁଣ
ନାମ, ପ୍ରତୀକ	plutonium, Pu
Appearance	silvery white, tarnishing to dark gray in air
ଉଚ୍ଚାରଣ	/pluːˈtoʊniəm/ ploo-TOH-nee-əm
Plutonium in the periodic table
Sm ↑ Pu ↓ (Uqh) neptunium ← plutonium → americium
ପରମାଣୁ କ୍ରମାଙ୍କ (Z)	94
ଶ୍ରେଣୀ, ବ୍ଳକ	group n/a, f-block
ପର୍ଯ୍ୟାୟ	period 7
ମୌଳିକ ପ୍ରକାର	actinide
ମାନକ ପରମାଣବିକ ଓଜନ (Ar)	(244)
ଇଲେକ୍‌ଟ୍ରୋନ୍ ବିନ୍ୟାସ	[Rn] 5f6 7s2
per shell	2, 8, 18, 32, 24, 8, 2
ଭୌତିକ ଗୁଣ
ଅବସ୍ଥା	solid
ଗଳନାଙ୍କ	912.5 K ​(639.4 °C, ​1182.9 °F)
ସ୍ଫୁଟନାଙ୍କ	3505 K ​(3228 °C, ​5842 °F)
Density near r.t.	19.816 g/cm3
when liquid, at m.p.	16.63 g/cm3
Heat of fusion	2.82 kJ/mol
Heat of	333.5 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	35.5 J/(mol·K)
pressure P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k at T (K) 1756 1953 2198 2511 2926 3499
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 (amphoteric oxide)
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 1.28
Atomic radius	empirical: 159 pm
Covalent radius	187±1 pm
Miscellanea
Crystal structure	​monoclinic
Speed of sound	2260 m/s
Thermal expansion	46.7 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C)
Thermal conductivity	6.74 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity	1.460 µ Ω·m (at 0 °C)
Magnetic ordering	paramagnetic
Young's modulus	96 GPa
Shear modulus	43 GPa
Poisson ratio	0.21
CAS Number	7440-07-5
ଇତିହାସ
ଆବିଷ୍କାର	Glenn T. Seaborg, Arthur Wahl, Joseph W. Kennedy, Edwin McMillan (1940–1)
Most stable isotopes of plutonium
iso NA half-life DM DE (MeV) DP 238Pu trace 87.74 y SF 204.66 — α 5.5 234U 239Pu 100% 2.41 × 104 y SF 207.06 — α 5.157 235U 240Pu trace 6.5 × 103 y SF 205.66 — α 5.256 236U 241Pu syn 14 y β− 0.02078 241Am SF 210.83 — 242Pu trace 3.73 × 105 y SF 209.47 — α 4.984 238U 244Pu trace 8.08 × 107 y α 4.666 240U SF —

ପ୍ଲୁଟୋନିଅମ ହେଉଛି ଏକ ତେଜସ୍କ୍ରିୟ ରାସାୟନିକ ମୌଳିକ ଯାହାର ପ୍ରତୀକ Pu ଓ ପରମାଣୁ କ୍ରମାଙ୍କ ୯୪ ।

ବାହାର ତଥ୍ୟ

• Sutcliffe, W.G.; et al. (1995). "A Perspective on the Dangers of Plutonium". Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. Archived from the original on September 29, 2006. Retrieved April 24, 2013.
• Johnson, C.M.; Davis, Z.S. (1997). "Nuclear Weapons: Disposal Options for Surplus Weapons-Usable Plutonium". CRS Report for Congress # 97-564 ENR. Retrieved February 15, 2009.
• IEER contributors (2005). "Physical, Nuclear, and Chemical, Properties of Plutonium". IEER. Retrieved February 15, 2009. {{cite web}}: |author= has generic name (help)
• Bhadeshia, H. "Plutonium crystallography".
• Samuels, D. (2005). "End of the Plutonium Age". Discover Magazine. 26 (11).
• Pike, J.; Sherman, R. (2000). "Plutonium production". Federation of American Scientists. Archived from the original on September 5, 2011. Retrieved February 15, 2009.
• Nuclear Weapon Archive contributors. "Plutonium Manufacture and Fabrication". Nuclearweaponarchive.org. {{cite web}}: |author= has generic name (help)
• Ong, C. (1999). "World Plutonium Inventories". Nuclear Files.org. Archived from the original on June 21, 2011. Retrieved February 15, 2009.
• LANL contributors (2000). "Challenges in Plutonium Science". Los Alamos Science. I & II (26). Retrieved February 15, 2009. {{cite journal}}: |author= has generic name (help)
• NLM contributors. "Plutonium, Radioactive". NLM Hazardous Substances Databank. Retrieved February 15, 2009. {{cite web}}: |author= has generic name (help)
• Alsos contributors. "Annotated Bibliography on plutonium". Alsos Digital Library for Nuclear Issues. Archived from the original on February 3, 2009. Retrieved February 15, 2009. {{cite web}}: |author= has generic name (help)
• Chemistry in its element podcast (MP3) from the Royal Society of Chemistry's Chemistry World: Plutonium
• Plutonium at The Periodic Table of Videos (University of Nottingham)