ପେଣ୍ଟୋବାର୍ବିଟାଲ

ପେଣ୍ଟୋବାର୍ବିଟାଲ
Clinical data
Trade names	Nembutal
AHFS/Drugs.com	monograph
MedlinePlus	a682416
data	US FDA: Pentobarbital;
Pregnancy; category	AU: C ; US: D (Evidence of risk) ; ;
Routes of; administration	By mouth, IV, IM, rectal; also intraperitoneal & intracardiac (for animal euthanasia)
ATC code	N05CA01 (WHO) QN51AA01 (WHO);
Legal status
Legal status	AU: S8 (Controlled) ; CA: Schedule IV ; DE: Anlage III (Prescription only) ; UK: Class B ; US: Schedule II ; UN: Psychotropic Schedule III ; ℞ (Prescription only);
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	70–90% (oral); 90% (rectal)
Protein binding	20–45%
Metabolism	Liver
Elimination half-life	15–48 hours
Excretion	Kidney
Identifiers
	IUPAC name 5-Ethyl-5-(1-methylbutyl)-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-pyrimidinetrione;
CAS Number	76-74-4 ;
PubChem CID	4737;
IUPHAR/BPS	5480;
DrugBank	DB00312 ;
ChemSpider	4575 ;
UNII	I4744080IR;
KEGG	D00499 ;
ChEBI	CHEBI:7983 ;
ChEMBL	CHEMBL448 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.000.895
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C11H18N2O3
Molar mass	୨୨୬.୨୮ g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
	SMILES O=C1NC(=O)NC(=O)C1(C(C)CCC)CC;
	InChI InChI=1S/C11H18N2O3/c1-4-6-7(3)11(5-2)8(14)12-10(16)13-9(11)15/h7H,4-6H2,1-3H3,(H2,12,13,14,15,16) ; Key:WEXRUCMBJFQVBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ;
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ପେଣ୍ଟୋବାର୍ବିଟାଲ ହେଉଛି ଏକ ଔଷଧ ଯାହା ସାଂଘାତିକ ଅପସ୍ମାର, ତୀବ୍ର ଉତ୍ତେଜନା, ନିଦ୍ରାହୀନତାର ସ୍ୱଳ୍ପ କାଳୀନ ଚିକିତ୍ସା, ଅସ୍ତ୍ରୋପଚାର ଏବଂ କୋମାରେ ରଖିବା ପାଇଁ ବ୍ୟବହୃତ ହୋଇଛି | ^[୧] ଏହା ମାଂସପେଶୀ କିମ୍ବା ଶିରାରେ ଇଞ୍ଜେକ୍ସନଦ୍ୱାରା ବ୍ୟବହୃତ ହୁଏ | ^[୨] ଯୁକ୍ତରାଷ୍ଟ୍ରରେ ପାଟି ସୂତ୍ର ବନ୍ଦ କରାଯାଇଛି। ^[୩] ଶିରାକୁ ଦିଆଯିବା ପରେ ଏକ ମିନିଟ୍ ମଧ୍ୟରେ ଏବଂ ଏକ ମାଂସପେଶୀରେ ଦିଆଯିବାର ୨୫ ମିନିଟ୍ ମଧ୍ୟରେ ଏହାର ପ୍ରଭାବ ଆରମ୍ଭ ହୁଏ | ^[୨] ଯେତେବେଳେ ଶିରାରେ ଦେଲେ ତାହାର ପ୍ରଭାବ ପ୍ରାୟ ୧୫ ମିନିଟ୍ ରହିଥାଏ | ^[୨]

ସାଧାରଣ ପାର୍ଶ୍ୱ ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟାରେ ନିଦ୍ରା, ବାନ୍ତି ଏବଂ ମୁଣ୍ଡବିନ୍ଧା ଅନ୍ତର୍ଭୁକ୍ତ | ^[୧] ଗୁରୁତର ପାର୍ଶ୍ୱ ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟାରେ ଡେଲିରିୟମ୍, ଅବବ୍ୟବ‌ହାର, ଶ୍ୱାସକ୍ରିୟା ସମାପ୍ତି ଏବଂ ଆନାଫାଇଲକ୍‌ସିସ ହୋଇପାରେ | ^[୨] ଗର୍ଭାବସ୍ଥାରେ ବ୍ୟବହାର ସୁପାରିଶ କରାଯାଏ ନାହିଁ | ^[୨] ଏହା ବାର୍ବିଚୁରେଟ ଶ୍ରେଣୀର ଏକ ଔଷଧ | ^[୨] ମସ୍ତିଷ୍କରେ ଜିଏବିଏ (ଗାବା)ର କାର୍ଯ୍ୟକଳାପ ବୃଦ୍ଧି କରି ଏହା କାର୍ଯ୍ୟକ୍ଷମ ହୁଏ | ^[୨]

୧୯୩୦ ମସିହାରେ ଜନ ଲୁଣ୍ଡିଙ୍କଦ୍ୱାରା ପେଣ୍ଟୋବାର୍ବିଟାଲ୍ ଆମେରିକାରେ ଚିକିତ୍ସା ବ୍ୟବହାରରେ ଆସିଥିଲେ | ^[୪] ୧୯୭୦ ଦଶକରେ ସେଗୁଡିକର ବହୁଳ ଭାବରେ ଅପବ୍ୟବ‌ହାର କରାଯାଇଥିଲା ଏବଂ ସେମାନଙ୍କର ରଙ୍ଗ ହେତୁ "ହଳଦିଆ ଜ୍ୟାକେଟ୍" ଭାବରେ ଜଣାଶୁଣା ଥିଲା | ^[୫] ଏହା ପଶୁମାନଙ୍କ ପାଇଁ ଇଉଥାନାସିଆ/କଷ୍ଟ ବିହୀନ ମୃତ୍ୟୁ ଏବଂ କେତେକ ଆମେରିକାର ରାଜ୍ୟ ଅପରାଧୀଙ୍କ ମୃତ୍ୟୁ ପାଇଁ ବ୍ୟବହୃତ ହୁଏ | ^[୬] ^[୭] ୧୯୬୨ ମସିହାରେ ମେରିଲିନ ମନରୋଙ୍କ ମାତ୍ରାଧିକ

ପେଣ୍ଟୋବାର୍ବିଟାଲ୍ ଏବଂ କ୍ଲୋରାଲ ହାଇଡ୍ରେଟ ସେବନ ହେତୁ ମୃତ୍ୟୁ ହୋଇଥିଲା | ^[୮]

ଆଧାର

↑ ^୧.୦ ^୧.୧ "Pentobarbital Monograph for Professionals". Drugs.com (in ଇଂରାଜୀ). Archived from the original on 30 June 2018. Retrieved 11 December 2020.
↑ ^୨.୦ ^୨.୧ ^୨.୨ ^୨.୩ ^୨.୪ ^୨.୫ ^୨.୬ "Pentobarbital Monograph for Professionals". Drugs.com (in ଇଂରାଜୀ). Archived from the original on 30 June 2018. Retrieved 11 December 2020.
↑ Administration, Food and Drug. Approved Drug Products with Therapeutic Equivalence Evaluations - FDA Orange Book 32nd Edition (2012): FDA Orange Book 32nd Edition (2012) (in ଇଂରାଜୀ). DrugPatentWatch.com. p. PR736. ISBN 978-1-934899-82-3. Archived from the original on 28 August 2021. Retrieved 11 December 2020.
↑ Lamberth, Clemens; Dinges, Jürgen (2012). Bioactive Heterocyclic Compound Classes: Pharmaceuticals (in ଇଂରାଜୀ). John Wiley & Sons. p. PA30. ISBN 978-3-527-66447-4. Archived from the original on 28 August 2021. Retrieved 11 December 2020.
↑ Caroline, Nancy L.; Elling, Bob (2007). Nancy Caroline's Emergency Care in the Streets, Volume 2 (in ଇଂରାଜୀ). Jones & Bartlett Learning. p. SA33-PA17. ISBN 978-0-7637-4239-3. Archived from the original on 28 August 2021. Retrieved 11 December 2020.
↑ "Why the Justice Department's Plan to Use a Single Drug for Lethal Injections Is Controversial". Time. 2019. Archived from the original on 11 December 2020. Retrieved 11 December 2020.
↑ "What Happens When You Put Your Pet to Sleep?". WebMD (in ଇଂରାଜୀ). Archived from the original on 16 November 2020. Retrieved 11 December 2020.
↑ "New Chapter in the Mystery of Marilyn: Her Own Words?". Los Angeles Times. 5 August 2005. Archived from the original on 1 August 2020. Retrieved 11 December 2020.

[AHFS2020-1] ୧.୦ ^୧.୧ "Pentobarbital Monograph for Professionals". Drugs.com (in ଇଂରାଜୀ). Archived from the original on 30 June 2018. Retrieved 11 December 2020.

[autogen1-2] ୨.୦ ^୨.୧ ^୨.୨ ^୨.୩ ^୨.୪ ^୨.୫ ^୨.୬ "Pentobarbital Monograph for Professionals". Drugs.com (in ଇଂରାଜୀ). Archived from the original on 30 June 2018. Retrieved 11 December 2020.

[3] Administration, Food and Drug. Approved Drug Products with Therapeutic Equivalence Evaluations - FDA Orange Book 32nd Edition (2012): FDA Orange Book 32nd Edition (2012) (in ଇଂରାଜୀ). DrugPatentWatch.com. p. PR736. ISBN 978-1-934899-82-3. Archived from the original on 28 August 2021. Retrieved 11 December 2020.

[Lam2012-4] Lamberth, Clemens; Dinges, Jürgen (2012). Bioactive Heterocyclic Compound Classes: Pharmaceuticals (in ଇଂରାଜୀ). John Wiley & Sons. p. PA30. ISBN 978-3-527-66447-4. Archived from the original on 28 August 2021. Retrieved 11 December 2020.

[5] Caroline, Nancy L.; Elling, Bob (2007). Nancy Caroline's Emergency Care in the Streets, Volume 2 (in ଇଂରାଜୀ). Jones & Bartlett Learning. p. SA33-PA17. ISBN 978-0-7637-4239-3. Archived from the original on 28 August 2021. Retrieved 11 December 2020.

[6] "Why the Justice Department's Plan to Use a Single Drug for Lethal Injections Is Controversial". Time. 2019. Archived from the original on 11 December 2020. Retrieved 11 December 2020.

[7] "What Happens When You Put Your Pet to Sleep?". WebMD (in ଇଂରାଜୀ). Archived from the original on 16 November 2020. Retrieved 11 December 2020.

[8] "New Chapter in the Mystery of Marilyn: Her Own Words?". Los Angeles Times. 5 August 2005. Archived from the original on 1 August 2020. Retrieved 11 December 2020.

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