କ୍ୟାଲ୍‌ସିଅମ

ଉଇକିପିଡ଼ିଆ‌ରୁ
Calcium,  20Ca
Spectral lines of calcium
ସାଧାରଣ ଗୁଣ
ନାମ, ପ୍ରତୀକcalcium, Ca
Appearancedull gray, silver
ଉଚ୍ଚାରଣ/ˈkælsiəm/ KAL-see-əm
Calcium in the periodic table
Hydrogen (other non-metal)
Helium (noble gas)
Lithium (alkali metal)
Beryllium (alkaline earth metal)
Boron (metalloid)
Carbon (other non-metal)
Nitrogen (other non-metal)
Oxygen (other non-metal)
Fluorine (halogen)
Neon (noble gas)
Sodium (alkali metal)
Magnesium (alkaline earth metal)
Aluminium (post-transition metal)
Silicon (metalloid)
Phosphorus (other non-metal)
Sulfur (other non-metal)
Chlorine (halogen)
Argon (noble gas)
Potassium (alkali metal)
Calcium (alkaline earth metal)
Scandium (transition metal)
Titanium (transition metal)
Vanadium (transition metal)
Chromium (transition metal)
Manganese (transition metal)
Iron (transition metal)
Cobalt (transition metal)
Nickel (transition metal)
Copper (transition metal)
Zinc (transition metal)
Gallium (post-transition metal)
Germanium (metalloid)
Arsenic (metalloid)
Selenium (other non-metal)
Bromine (halogen)
Krypton (noble gas)
Rubidium (alkali metal)
Strontium (alkaline earth metal)
Yttrium (transition metal)
Zirconium (transition metal)
Niobium (transition metal)
Molybdenum (transition metal)
Technetium (transition metal)
Ruthenium (transition metal)
Rhodium (transition metal)
Palladium (transition metal)
Silver (transition metal)
Cadmium (transition metal)
Indium (post-transition metal)
Tin (post-transition metal)
Antimony (metalloid)
Tellurium (metalloid)
Iodine (halogen)
Xenon (noble gas)
Caesium (alkali metal)
Barium (alkaline earth metal)
Lanthanum (lanthanoid)
Cerium (lanthanoid)
Praseodymium (lanthanoid)
Neodymium (lanthanoid)
Promethium (lanthanoid)
Samarium (lanthanoid)
Europium (lanthanoid)
Gadolinium (lanthanoid)
Terbium (lanthanoid)
Dysprosium (lanthanoid)
Holmium (lanthanoid)
Erbium (lanthanoid)
Thulium (lanthanoid)
Ytterbium (lanthanoid)
Lutetium (lanthanoid)
Hafnium (transition metal)
Tantalum (transition metal)
Tungsten (transition metal)
Rhenium (transition metal)
Osmium (transition metal)
Iridium (transition metal)
Platinum (transition metal)
Gold (transition metal)
Mercury (transition metal)
Thallium (post-transition metal)
Lead (post-transition metal)
Bismuth (post-transition metal)
Polonium (post-transition metal)
Astatine (halogen)
Radon (noble gas)
Francium (alkali metal)
Radium (alkaline earth metal)
Actinium (actinoid)
Thorium (actinoid)
Protactinium (actinoid)
Uranium (actinoid)
Neptunium (actinoid)
Plutonium (actinoid)
Americium (actinoid)
Curium (actinoid)
Berkelium (actinoid)
Californium (actinoid)
Einsteinium (actinoid)
Fermium (actinoid)
Mendelevium (actinoid)
Nobelium (actinoid)
Lawrencium (actinoid)
Rutherfordium (transition metal)
Dubnium (transition metal)
Seaborgium (transition metal)
Bohrium (transition metal)
Hassium (transition metal)
Meitnerium (unknown chemical properties)
Darmstadtium (unknown chemical properties)
Roentgenium (unknown chemical properties)
Copernicium (transition metal)
Ununtrium (unknown chemical properties)
Flerovium (unknown chemical properties)
Ununpentium (unknown chemical properties)
Livermorium (unknown chemical properties)
Ununseptium (unknown chemical properties)
Ununoctium (unknown chemical properties)
Mg

Ca

Sr
potassiumcalciumscandium
ପରମାଣୁ କ୍ରମାଙ୍କ (Z)20
ଶ୍ରେଣୀ, ବ୍ଳକgroup 2 (alkaline earth metals), s-block
ପର୍ଯ୍ୟାୟperiod 4
ମୌଳିକ ପ୍ରକାର  alkaline earth metal
ମାନକ ପରମାଣବିକ ଓଜନ (±) (Ar)40.078(4)
ଇଲେକ୍‌ଟ୍ରୋନ୍ ବିନ୍ୟାସ[Ar] 4s2
per shell
2, 8, 8, 2
ଭୌତିକ ଗୁଣ
ଅବସ୍ଥାsolid
ଗଳନାଙ୍କ1115 K ​(842 °C, ​1548 °F)
ସ୍ଫୁଟନାଙ୍କ1757 K ​(1484 °C, ​2703 °F)
Density near r.t.1.55 g/cm3
when liquid, at m.p.1.378 g/cm3
Heat of fusion8.54 kJ/mol
Heat of 154.7 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity25.929 J/(mol·K)
 pressure
P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k
at T (K) 864 956 1071 1227 1443 1755
Atomic properties
Oxidation states+2, +1[୧] ​strongly basic oxide
ElectronegativityPauling scale: 1.00
energies
(more)
Atomic radiusempirical: 197 pm
Covalent radius176±10 pm
Van der Waals radius231 pm
Miscellanea
Crystal structureface-centered cubic (fcc)
Face-centered cubic crystal structure for calcium
Speed of sound thin rod3810 m/s (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansion22.3 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C)
Thermal conductivity201 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity33.6 n Ω·m (at 20 °C)
Magnetic orderingdiamagnetic
Young's modulus20 GPa
Shear modulus7.4 GPa
Bulk modulus17 GPa
Poisson ratio0.31
Mohs hardness1.75
Brinell hardness167 MPa
CAS Number7440-70-2
ଇତିହାସ
ଆବିଷ୍କାରHumphry Davy (1808)
First isolationHumphry Davy (1808)
Most stable isotopes of calcium
iso NA half-life DM DE (MeV) DP
40Ca 96.941% >5.9×1021 y β+β+ 0.194 40Ar
41Ca trace 1.03×105 y ε - 41K
42Ca 0.647% 42Ca is stable with 22 neutrons
43Ca 0.135% 43Ca is stable with 23 neutrons
44Ca 2.086% 44Ca is stable with 24 neutrons
45Ca syn 162.7 d β 0.258 45Sc
46Ca 0.004% >2.8×1015 y ββ 0.988 46Ti
47Ca syn 4.536 d β 0.694, 1.99 47Sc
γ 1.297 -
48Ca 0.187% 4.3×1019 y ββ 4.274 48Ti
β
(not observed)
0.0058 48Sc
| references

କ୍ୟାଲ୍‌ସିଅମ ହେଉଛି ଏକ ରାସାୟନିକ ମୌଳିକ ଯାହାର ପ୍ରତୀକ Caପରମାଣୁ କ୍ରମାଙ୍କ ୨୦ । ଏହା ଭୂପୃଷ୍ଠର ପଞ୍ଚମ ସର୍ବାଧିକ ଉପଲବ୍ଧ ମୌଳିକ ଓ ଏକ ନରମ ଆଲ୍‌କାଲାଇନ୍ ଧାତୁ । ସମୁଦ୍ର ଜଳରେ ଏହା ଦ୍ରବିଭୁତ ହେଉଥିବା ପଞ୍ଚମ ଆୟନ[୨]

ସଜୀବ ପ୍ରାଣୀର କୋଷତତ୍ତ୍ୱ ନିମନ୍ତେ ଏହା ଏକ ଅତ୍ୟାବଶ୍ୟକ ପଦାର୍ଥ । ଏହା ଜୀବକୋଷ ଭିତରକୁ ଓ ବାହାରକୁ ଯିବା ଆସିବା କରୁଥାଏ । ହାଡ଼ ଓ ଦାନ୍ତ ଗଠନରେ ଏହା ଶକ୍ତି ପ୍ରଦାନ କରେ । ଶରୀରରେ ଧାତୁମାନଙ୍କ ମଧ୍ୟରେ ଏହା ସର୍ବାଧିକ ପରିମାଣରେ ଥାଏ । ଗୃହ ଉପକରଣ ଭାବରେ ଚୂନ ରୁପରେ ଏହା ପ୍ରାଗ ଐତିହାସିକ ଯୁଗରୁ (୭୦୦୦ରୁ ୧୪୦୦୦ ଖ୍ରୀ.ପୂ.) ବ୍ୟବହୃତ ହୋଇଆସୁଅଛି[୩] । ଖାପାଜା ମେସୋପଟାମିଆରେ ( Khafajah mesopotamia) ୨୫୦୦ ଖ୍ରୀ.ପୂରେ ଚୂନ ଭାଟିରେ ପ୍ରସ୍ତୁତ ହେବା ପ୍ରମାଣ ଅଛି[୪] । ୯୭୫ ମସିହାରେ ଏହା ପ୍ଲାସ୍ଟର ଅଫ୍ ପ୍ୟାରିସ୍ ଆକାରରେ ହାଡ଼ ଭଙ୍ଗା ଚିକିତ୍ସାରେ ବ୍ୟବହୃତ ହେଉଥିଲା ।

ଧର୍ମ[ସମ୍ପାଦନା]

ଉପସ୍ଥିତି[ସମ୍ପାଦନା]

ଗଠନ[ସମ୍ପାଦନା]

ଉତ୍ପାଦନ[ସମ୍ପାଦନା]

ସମସ୍ଥାନିକ[ସମ୍ପାଦନା]

ବ୍ୟବହାର[ସମ୍ପାଦନା]

ଆଧାର[ସମ୍ପାଦନା]

  1. Krieck, Sven; Görls, Helmar; Westerhausen, Matthias (2010). "Mechanistic Elucidation of the Formation of the Inverse Ca(I) Sandwich Complex [(thf)3Ca(μ-C6H3-1,3,5-Ph3)Ca(thf)3] and Stability of Aryl-Substituted Phenylcalcium Complexes". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 132 (35): 100818110534020. doi:10.1021/ja105534w. PMID 20718434.
  2. Dickson, A. G. and Goyet, C. (1994). "5". Handbook of method for the analysis of the various parameters of the carbon dioxide system in sea water, version 2 (PDF). ORNL/CDIAC-74. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-05-25. Retrieved 2013-10-28.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  3. Miller, M. Michael. "Commodity report:Lime" (PDF). United States Geological Survey. Retrieved 2012-03-06.
  4. Williams, Richard (2004). Lime Kilns and Lime Burning. p. 4. ISBN 978-0-7478-0596-0.[permanent dead link]

ଆହୁରି ପଢନ୍ତୁ[ସମ୍ପାଦନା]

  • Rebecca J. Donatelle. Health, The Basics. 6th ed. San Francisco: Pearson Education, Inc. 2005.

ବାହାର ଲିଙ୍କ[ସମ୍ପାଦନା]